Last week’s column took state governors to task, and the response was electric: inboxes flooded, phone lines buzzed, and hashtags trended. Nigerians are starved for public office scorecards that rely on more than rumour and partisan noise. In that spirit, and with the second anniversary of the 10th National Assembly staring us in the face, the spotlight now swings toward the legislature.

In Washington, where we borrowed our presidential model, lawmakers live under the unforgiving glare of the Legislative Effectiveness Score: fifteen indicators that weigh everything from the originality of bills to the art of steering them through committees. Add the Healthy Congress Index (HCI),which checks the institution’s pulse—how often it debates and how transparent the votes are—and you have an ecosystem where inertia is quickly shamed. Abuja, by contrast, offers no such dashboard. All we possess are lofty promises voiced from the rostrum on Inauguration Day and the quiet, often-seething expectations of 220 million citizens. Those promises form the spine of this mid-term review; those expectations supply its moral urgency.

First, the numbers. In its opening year, the Senate introduced 464 bills and passed 19; in the second year, up to this May, 341 bills produced a meagre seven enactments. The House looked busier—1,727 bills filed by December 2024, 114 of them passed—but peel away the seven executive-sponsored measures and the apparent productivity deflates. Committee clerks admit that roughly one-third of all texts are recycled from earlier parliaments, some lifted almost verbatim from the 8th and 9th Assemblies. It is legislative déjà vu: copy, paste, rename, re-announce. Quantity, yes. Originality and rigour, no. This Assembly would languish in the bottom quartile by the American yardstick that prizes innovation and shepherding skill.

The quality deficit shows up in what lawmakers choose to rush. The National Anthem Bill of 2024—re-introducing the 1960 song “Nigeria, We Hail Thee”—sailed through first, second and third readings in a single sitting, then became law within eight days. Critics wondered why a symbolic lyric change earned lightning attention while food-price bills languished. A similar haste-then-rethink story dogs the Students’ Loan Act: passed in 2023, repealed and reenacted in 2024 after design flaws emerged. Speed seems reserved for headline bills and presidential priorities; everything else becomes legislative traffic.

If legislative output has been underwhelming, economic stewardship has been positively somnolent. The economy has seesawed from subsidy removal through currency free-fall to inflation that makes a mockery of monthly pay slips, yet Parliament has rarely mounted an independent critique of budgets, revenue forecasts or tax proposals. Hearings on the 2025 Finance Bill—an instrument that will decide whether families stay afloat or sink—featured more cabinet ministers than civil society witnesses. The optics are unmistakable: the legislature has abandoned its role and now promoting the agenda of the executive . The National Assembly held just two stand-alone debates on monetary or fiscal strategy and rubber-stamped the record-sized 2025 budget in 31 sitting hours—barely one-third the time the 8th Assembly devoted to the smaller 2016 estimates.

Where the economy goes, social misery follows. Nigerians now speak of poverty, food prices, banditry, kidnappings and unemployment as if they were the weather—inescapable, ever-present, uncaring. One might expect a flurry of poverty-reduction bills, police reform blueprints, or social welfare overhauls. Instead, the Order Paper remains eerily devoid of landmark initiatives. The lone poverty-relief measure that did clear both chambers has been trapped in the harmonisation mill for half a year, gathering dust while food queues at all gatherings lengthen.

Public sentiment is matching the numbers. Citizens have noticed. A media sentiment scan across 18 dailies found a 72-per cent negative slant toward the Assembly this year. The latest Afrobarometer country brief finds that only 19 % of Nigerians trust National Assembly “somewhat” or “a lot,” a figure lower than the police and barely above political parties. In an era when Instagram comedians draw bigger live audiences than oversight hearings, that statistic feels less like survey data and more like lived reality.

When the Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre (PLAC) set out to gauge public faith in National Assembly, its findings were bleak: confidence in the National Assembly hovered near rock bottom. Wanting to test whether that verdict was an outlier or a mirror, I sifted through months of news coverage and then spoke, quietly and without a script, to two hundred Nigerians spread across markets, campuses and motor parks. Their verdict echoed PLAC’s numbers—distrust has hardened into something close to resignation. The Speaker of the HOR, writing in the Guardian, conceded that Parliament must “earn back the people’s faith.” It takes no political genius to decode that sentence: the legislature’s legitimacy is in free fall, and even its highest officers can feel the rush of air.

Why the distance? Many civil society voices point to the Electoral Reform Bill, which should sit at the heart of any democracy worth the name. Instead, it idles on committee desks, adjourned and re-adjourned while more photogenic bills leapfrog it on the order paper. Electoral rules shape everything else—how leaders are chosen, how accountable they feel, and how national resources are shared. Treat that foundation lightly, and the cracks spread into every social and economic wall we’re trying to shore up. Until lawmakers urgently confront that truth, the trust deficit they bemoan will only widen.

Another reason for that collapse is the anaemic quality of debate. Plenary sittings open without forming a quorum. Though you have 100 per cent attendance on the register, the Senate hardly witnesses more than 40 persons on the floor. The House of Representatives (HOR) is worse; not more than 50 members are out of 360 on a good day. Bills often sprint through first and second readings in minutes. Committee rooms—those sweatshops of legislative business —registered a mere 14 investigative hearings in two years, compared with 61 during the equivalent stretch of the 8th Assembly, confirming that the watchdog’s bark now registers as a whimper. Civil society groups invited to testify say draft bills sometimes arrive the night before or not at all. Oversight this thin cannot scarify an errant minister, let alone a recalcitrant bureaucracy.

Institutional reform, loudly trumpeted on inauguration day, has suffered the same fate. The presiding officers promised digital voting boards, live attendance logs, televised committee sittings and a root-and-branch rewrite of the standing orders. Two years later, the boards are dark, the logs are unpublished, the cameras are absent, and the rulebook is “with consultants.” Promises postponed are promises broken. Misuse of voice voting for a serious national issue, such as declaring a state of emergency in Rivers state, screams of a National Assembly ready to sell its soul for the “porridge” of the Executive.

And then there is money—the ₦6.9 trillion worth of projects smuggled into the 2025 budget, spanning a staggering 11,122 individual schemes. There is no need assessments, community consultations, or GPS-tagged disclosure of location —just pork-barrel politics on a scale large enough to feed an ark. This total legislative add-on is above the combined capital votes of health and education. Just imagine that!

Civil society trackers can find locations for barely a quarter of the projects, procurement portals list even fewer contractors. The optics feed a perception of “Legis-looting” so potent that 21 citizens have already sued the presiding officers for budget opacity, while anti-graft agencies circle but have yet to pounce.

Patterns emerge: a recycling culture that dilutes policy innovation; deference to the Executive that hollows out checks and balances; token oversight that lets scandals slip through the net; opaque spending that deepens the conviction that everyone under the dome is on the take. Each pathology feeds the next like cogs in a depressing machine.

What to do? Borrow, yes—but not mindlessly—from the United States. The National Institute for Legislative Studies could design a Nigerian Legislative Effectiveness Index in concert with civil society and the media, weighting originality, cross-party sponsorship, committee diligence and real-world impact. Every bill should face a “rigour filter” before the second reading: a clear problem statement, a fiscal note, and evidence of stakeholder consultation.

Constituency projects could be forced into the sunlight by a public, geo-tagged dashboard that lets citizens upload smartphone photos of progress—or the lack thereof. Committees deserve independent counsel, research budgets and minority-party chairs for at least 30 per cent of probes, reversing the rubber-stamp culture. And National Assembly must anchor quarterly, nationally televised debates on the economy, timed to the budget cycle, forcing lawmakers either to defend fiscal choices or fold under the klieg lights.

None of this is utopian. All of it is achievable. The 10th National Assembly is not the laziest in purely numerical terms—thousands of bills tell that story—but by any honest qualitative yardstick, it is the least consequential in a decade. Nigeria’s cascading crises require a legislature that legislates, scrutinises and inspires confidence. The good news is that redemption is still possible; the bad news is that the window is shrinking by the week. Citizens have started counting the seconds aloud. Whether lawmakers can still convert this chorus of disillusion into a spur for reform will decide not only the legacy of the 10th Assembly but also, in part, the trajectory of Nigeria’s fragile democracy.

Two years remain. That is enough time to pivot from legislative theatre to legislative therapy: subject every new bill to rigorous stakeholder input , schedule quarterly macro-economy debates that cannot be waived; and adopt a Nigerian-tailored Legislative Effectiveness Index data. These and not outrage should drive the end-term review. Until such reforms take root, the 10th National Assembly’s legacy risks being summed up in one brutal statistic—nineteen per cent.

Since leaving office in May 2023, former Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari has evoked all manner of sentiments. While his die-hard supporters idolize him for his perceived integrity and simple mien, most Nigerians write him off as, perhaps, the most inept to ever lead Africa’s most populous Black nation. Indeed, very few people look back at Buhari’s tenure for inspiration or with any nostalgic feeling, not necessarily because the present administration has done substantially better, but because the systemic rot in the nation’s economy assumed a worse dimension on Buhari’s watch. 

Buhari sunk so low in the estimation of reasonable Nigerians that only a handful of those who served in his 8-year administration will defend it with any pride. And, as if he is aware of the public disdain for his low-energy performance, the former military strongman has tactfully remained out of public view, holed up mostly in his Daura village. 

The past month, however, was different. Not only was Buhari drawn into the public space once again by politicians seeking to benefit from whatever remains of his goodwill, but the flurry of activities connected to political realignments ahead of the 2027 elections thrust him into an undeserved positive spotlight. 

Like a bride, he is being gilded in gold; his flaws are being buried in the heap of eulogies by all manner of opportunistic politicians. The gilding has come from leaders of his APC desirous of using his influence to mend the cracks in the party, as well as opposition politicians who are interested in latching onto his famed popularity among the North’s talakawa.

The visit by governors of the ruling All Progressives Congress at his newly renovated Kaduna home threw up similar visits by leaders of the fledgling coalition of opposition politicians led by Atiku Abubakar and Nasir el-Rufai, as well as the APC National Working Committee, led by its National Chairman, Alhaji Umar Ganduje. But it was the governors’ visit and the overly patronizing words of their leader, Governor Hope Uzodinma, that agitated many Nigerians. 

Ostensibly for the Eid-el-Fitr celebrations, the visit had all the trappings of partisan politics following the disquiet in the APC over President Tinubu’s lopsided appointments that relegated members of Buhari’s faction in the APC, the Congress for Progressive Change. 

After praising Buhari for publicly affirming that the APC remains his party, despite CPC members’ grumblings, Governor Uzodinma of Imo State, who is also the Chairman of the Progressive Governors Forum (PGF), went on a mission to gild the man in gold. He claimed, without offering evidence, that Buhari’s handling of the nation’s affairs during his presidency, specifically security, the economy, and anti-corruption, was outstanding and commendable. He was quoted in a statement by Garba Shehu, Buhari’s media aide, as saying “Your Excellency, your legacy in Nigeria’s history is secure…Your administration gave expression to our party’s core principles through your focus on security, economic recovery, and anti-corruption. Your efforts reclaimed territory from insurgents, extended social investment programs … and ushered in road and rail revolution that is still bearing fruit…” 

Uzodimma was either massaging Buhari’s ego or he was genuinely trying to rewrite history. He did not bother to elaborate on the nation’s security gains when he was in power, nor the positives of whatever economic policies he initiated. But, since the scars of Buhari’s poor handling of those two national issues – security and the economy – are still fresh, it is important to interrogate Uzodinma’s claim against the reality of our experiences.

Buhari was in charge when the Global Terrorism Index shockingly ranked Nigeria as the third most insecure nation on Earth, a designation that highlighted the alarming levels of violence and instability that plagued the country. On his watch, terrorists displayed a brazen audacity, carrying out attacks on a wide range of targets, from strategic national institutions to elite military formations, leaving many citizens feeling vulnerable and unsafe in their homeland. 

In what seems to be an attempt to rewrite our recent history, it appears that he has conveniently forgotten, perhaps deliberately, some of the most egregious incidents that marked the era of terrorism. A few reminders will suffice. Notably, over a hundred armed terrorists on motorcycles launched a daring assault on Kuje Prison, successfully freeing nearly a thousand of their associates who were held behind bars. This audacious breach of security not only exposed the vulnerabilities in our correctional facilities but also raised critical questions about the effectiveness of the national security apparatus under Buhari.

To further illustrate the poor security climate, in 2021, terrorists shockingly invaded the prestigious Nigerian Defence Academy, a key institution responsible for training the nation’s military leaders. In this attack, they killed two soldiers. Even the Brigade of Guards, the elite team assigned to protect the President himself, faced a serious security breach, shamefully so for a regime headed by a retired army general. 

So what was the basis of Governor Uzodinma’s outlandish claims? 

If Buhari’s handling of the nation’s security was poor, his economic policies were nothing short of disastrous. And to call him a prudent man and an anti-corruption hero would be to distort the realities of his administration. For a leader who inherited a debt profile of just over 10 billion dollars, it is astonishing to note that Nigeria’s debt soared to nearly 45 billion dollars during his tenure, a steep increase that raised serious questions about the administration’s fiscal prudence.

It was under Buhari’s administration that the controversial policy of upfront payment for proceeds from the country’s oil was introduced. This practice, novel in its absurdity, seriously undermined the financial stability of the nation, the scars of which exist till today.. 

In addition to these absurdities, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2007 was brazenly contravened as the Central Bank of Nigeria was exposed to trillions of Naira through that dubious mechanism known as Ways and Means. Like many of his policies, this ultimately jeopardised the nation’s financial health, with all its negative impact that still torment hapless Nigerians to this day.

It was political opportunism at its best for the governors to seize such a visit, ostensibly for the Eid-el-Fitr, to turn facts on their head. 

I can understand President Bola Tinubu’s continued pandering to Buhari, including the reported renovation of his Kaduna home. Although their relationship has occasionally been viewed as politically transactional, Tinubu has made deliberate efforts to maintain close ties with Buhari for broader strategic aims, especially in preventing the emergence of a rival APC faction around Buhari. 

He owes his emergence to the former President, but he hasn’t bothered to praise him unduly, mainly because, in saner climes, Buhari ought to still be with anti-corruption agencies rendering account of what was generally adjudged a disastrous tenure. It is Tinubu’s aides that find it expedient once in a while to take swipes at Buhari, blaming him for the mess they met on the ground in 2023.

The plaudits on Buhari are not only misplaced, they are fundamentally disconnected from the lived experiences of Nigerians. While one may not begrudge Governor Uzodinma the right to promote his party and its leaders by painting them in whatever bright colours he finds necessary, decency demands that he does so without insulting the sensibilities of other Nigerians. 

Nigeria, this Thursday, May 29, 2025,  marks its 26th anniversary ending brutal military rule, and embarking on the road to democracy.  I am reminded, on this occasion, of three political figures who contributed to this situation.

President  Bola  Ahmed Tinubu emerged into  national consciousness in 1992  when he was elected the Senator representing the Lagos West Constituency.  The following year when the June 12 presidential election, won by Chief Moshood Kashimawo Abiola, was annulled by the Babangida junta, he became one of the major advocates of de-annulment.  He was like Abiola, a good social  mixer  and seemed to have friends in high places. Also, when shortly after the Abacha coup and the head of the junta needed to meet Abiola for secret discussions, they each had a witness: Abacha had General Oladipo Diya  who was his  Deputy, while Abiola had Tinubu. Abiola and Tinubu were populists and shared Abiola’s  political agenda: “Hope ’93, Farewell To Poverty: How to make Nigeria a better place for all.”  

When six years later, he ran for gubernatorial election in Lagos State, Tinubu seemed to have dusted up that manifesto. At his inauguration as Governor, he promised  Lagosians  a better life and assured them of “a good economic programme that will eradicate poverty and provide employment for the jobless…” Equally, Rauf  Aregbesola, when, in 2007, he ran for the gubernatorial election in Osun State,  unfolded a similar programme.  His  Six-Point Agenda promised to promote functional education, banish poverty, banish unemployment, restore healthy living, banish hunger and, enhance communal peace and progress.

When the Abacha regime cracked  down on pro-democracy activists, Tinubu went into exile in 1994 and returned in 1998 after the dictator’s death. Abiola had died in detention under controversial circumstances on July 7, 1998. On his return from exile, Tinubu ran for the gubernatorial election of Lagos State  in January 1999 and won. The Director  of his campaign team, the Bola Ahmed Tinubu Campaign Organisation, BATCO,    was Aregbesola. The latter had ran for the House of Representatives in 1992 while  Tinubu ran  for Senate in the same Lagos West area. Tinubu had won  while Aregbesola lost, but that campaign  had brought them together.  When in 2003, Tinubu ran for re-election, Aregbesola was, again, the Director of his campaign team that ensured victory.

After Tinubu’s  1999 victory as governor,  his team penned down Aregbesola as Senior Special Adviser  to the Lagos State House of Assembly. But when  the list of the  new cabinet  in the state was announced on radio, Aregbesola was amongst the commissioners named.  Apparently, Tinubu had put  his foot down, insisting that the former should be in his new cabinet.  Aregbesola was named Commissioner for Works  and Infrastructure.  He spent eight years during which the salutary work of the Ministry in executing huge  road construction  and building  massive public works,  was one of the undeniable achievements of the Tinubu administration. This partly  led to the contested claims that: “Tinubu built Lagos”.

Aregbesola’s  demonstrable competence, knowledge and commitment were so  visible in his first four years as Commissioner, that Governor Bisi Akande  of Osun State approached Tinubu to allow Aregesola become his running mate in his 2003 bid for re- election.  Aregbesola did not want to cut short his  service in Lagos State and, clearly, Tinubu  still needed the services of the latter, not just in his cabinet but also for his re-election for a second term. Besides, Tinubu’s    re-election promised to be quite tough because he had openly  confronted the dictatorial tendencies of President Olusegun Obasanjo.

For instance, following  clashes between the police and a militant ethnic group,  the Oodua People’s Congress, OPC,    Obasanjo    on January 13, 2000, wrote Tinubu a letter threatening to impose emergency rule on Lagos State. Obasanjo told Tinubu: “When either by utterance, action or indeed inaction, a Chief Executive shows a loss of control in the maintenance of law and order in his state, it becomes incumbent on the Federal Government to take appropriate action to arrest the situation, usually in the form of the imposition of a State of Emergency.   “Mr. Governor, I regret that I have not seen any action on your part in the recent past to suggest that you are in control of the security situation in Lagos State. On the contrary there is evidence of increasing disorder, loss of lives and property and a general sense of fear among the citizens of Lagos State. This is an intolerable situation.”

Tinubu had responded, blaming the Obasanjo administration for the insecurity.  The latter, he wrote, ran a Police which was  “undermanned, ill-equipped, poorly motivated and demoralised”.  He advised it to either live up to its responsibilities or “allow for the necessary constitutional amendment to allow the states to bear their own cross”. Also, Tinubu had rejected the overt directives of Yoruba leaders that the six states in Western Nigeria, including Lagos State, should back the 2003 re-election bid  of President Obasanjo. The states had been  run by the opposition Alliance for Democracy, AD.  Clearly, the Presidency was displeased by Tinubu’s opposition and he knew he had an uphill task in his hands. So, Akande’s  request that Aregbesola became  his running mate in Osun State could not be met.  

As it turned out,  in the South-West, only Tinubu was returned in the gubernatorial election as his  five other colleagues, fell to the onslaught of  Obasanjo’s    Peoples Democratic Party, PDP.   Once he became the Governor of  Osun State, Aregbesola    displayed    the spirit  of Tinubu’s  relatively outstanding performance in Lagos. When at the expiration of his tenure in Osun State, he returned to Lagos, his  GRA Ikeja home was called “Second Bourdillion” in reference to his closeness to Tinubu who lived on Bourdillion Road, Ikoyi, Lagos.  It was an indication that some saw Aregbesola as Tinubu’s deputy in politics, at least in  the politics of  South-Western Nigeria.

Tinubu was carrying on the populist vision of Abiola and Aregbesola was helping to realise that vision. But politically, the three politicians had some divergent positions. Abiola  was a populist of the Right, Tinubu was Centre Right,  while Aregbesola  was Left.  Abiola was very close to the military top brass.  Tinubu did not wholly embrace military rule but worked closely with Abiola for the birth  of the Abacha  military regime. In contrast,  Aregbesola distanced himself from the military. Given his role in the 1978 student uprising against military rule, he disliked the latter.  He,  like many in the Left, viewed the military  as political usurpers. So, while Abiola and Tinubu might have had some confidence that the military would agree to disengage and willingly return to the barracks, Aregbesola thought the Generals had a hidden agenda. All three have played  major roles in the contemporary politics of the country.

The conferment of an honorary doctorate degree on the wife of the Anambra State Governor, Mrs. Nonye Soludo, during the combined 11th to 15th convocation ceremonies of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU), was more than a ceremonial highlight—it reflected the Soludo administration’s people-centered development model that integrates health, education, and community empowerment.

Held at the university’s Igbariam campus, the event marked a historic milestone in the life of the institution, as it celebrated 25 years of academic excellence. Dignitaries, faculty members, students, alumni, and state officials gathered to honour graduating students and reflect on the evolution of the university over the years.

In his address, Anambra State Governor, Prof. Chukwuma Charles Soludo, CFR, used the occasion to reflect on the transformation of COOU since his assumption of office. “The university is far different from what it used to be since my last time here,” he noted, emphasizing that government alone cannot fast-track development. Instead, he advocated for strong partnerships with the private sector and local communities to drive innovation and growth.

Governor Soludo paid tribute to the founder of the university, the late Governor Dr. Chinwoke Mbadinuju, noting that his legacy must not go unnoticed. “Late Dr. Mbadinuju is not celebrated enough here. We must find something significant to immortalize him,” the governor stressed. He also extended commendations to other past leaders and stakeholders who have contributed to the university’s development, affirming, “I celebrate all men of goodwill who love and believe in education as the bridge to the future.”

The Acting Vice Chancellor, Prof. Kate Omenugha expressed pride in the university's stable and uninterrupted academic calendar over the past several years. “We are proud to combine five years of academic success into this celebration,” she remarked. “This stable academic calendar is a legacy we intend to sustain as we move forward.” Prof. Omenugha also lauded Governor Soludo for his numerous contributions to the university community and welcomed continued partnerships to enhance educational opportunities. “We appreciate the governor for his unwavering commitment to our institution,” she said.

Also speaking at the event, the Pro-Chancellor of COOU, Prof. Chidi Odinkalu emphasized the university’s commitment to community engagement and progressive ideas. “We have celebrated our heritage this week, and we intend to forge a vibrant future for this university,” he said, describing the university community as a place where differing views can coexist in a spirit of mutual respect. "I encourage everyone to join in and actively participate in this journey,” he added.

The Commissioner for Education, Prof. Ngozi Chuma-Udeh echoed these sentiments, applauding the governor’s prioritization of education as a foundational pillar for progress in Anambra State. “Governor Soludo’s government remains unwavering in its mission to elevate education in our state,” she affirmed.

The highlight of the day, however, was the conferment of an honorary doctorate degree in science and food nutrition to Mrs. Nonye Soludo, in recognition of her outstanding contributions to health and nutrition, particularly through her flagship initiative, Healthy Living with Nonye Soludo. The programme, which promotes nutrition education, clean eating, and wellness advocacy across communities in the state, has become a grassroots movement, aligning perfectly with her husband’s development vision.

In her remarks, the Governor’s wife expressed deep appreciation for the honour bestowed on her by the university. “This honour belongs to every caregiver, every woman working daily to raise healthy families. I thank the university and our people for supporting our journey,” she said. Her award also signals the university’s recognition of wellness advocacy as a critical aspect of educational and human development.

The event drew an impressive crowd of dignitaries, including Deputy Governor, Dr. Onyekachukwu Ibezim; Speaker of the State House of Assembly, Rt. Hon. Somtochukwu Udeze; House of Representatives member representing Ihiala, Dr. Paschal Agbodike; traditional rulers, and other high-ranking officials.

As COOU celebrates a quarter century of academic excellence, the Soludo administration’s multi-sectoral investment in human capital—spanning education, health, and youth development—continues to redefine governance in Anambra. Mrs. Soludo’s award, while honorary in form, carries the weight of real impact, offering a powerful statement that in Anambra State, development starts with the people.