
OTHERS' VIEWS
TODAY, I delight to ask questions, which I expect those closer than me to the affected scene of activity to answer. The rumblings in Ondo state, though multi-faceted, are in two broad categories – security of life and property and cloak-and-dagger struggle for power and fleeting relevance by politicians and power blocs. On the security front, Ondo state is not smiling; especially the Owo axis where I come from. Reports from home are to the effect that the activities of Fulani herdsmen and bandits are on the increase again. Dastardly acts committed repeatedly send fear and trepidation down the spine of the people. Farmers are denied access to the farm and neither can women go to the brooks to fetch water. Many fear to travel home these days. The areas of Owo/Ose local governments bordering the neighbouring Edo state are particularly unsafe. Recall that it was here that a first-class traditional ruler was murdered by herdsmen/bandits sometime ago. Another area that is fast becoming too dangerous for comfort is the road leading from Owo to the northernmost part of the state. Kidnappings and killings are said to have become a regular occurrence in the aforementioned parts. What is the government doing about it? And what do you, as a person in the thick of this dark cloud, think can be done both by the government (Federal, State, and Local) and the people themselves?
The rival cult wars that ravaged Owo some months’ back are said to have abated in recent times. The curfew imposed by the state government, though not yet officially lifted, is said to have been relaxed and people have tepidly begun to pick the bits and pieces of their economic life. I heard that cult-related killings have meanwhile stopped, thanks to the efforts of the government and the traditional authorities. I watched a video of the Olowo of Owo leading his chiefs and the town’s people to perform traditional rites and lay curses on cultists, their sponsors and backers. That must have helped. But while the crisis raged, Owo people saw hell in the hands of law enforcers who reportedly took advantage to feather their nests. I understand that so many innocent people were arrested and whisked off to Akure, the state capital, and bail, which officially is free, ranged from between N200,000 and N300,000. People were said to have been arrested right on the pavements, verandas, and balconies of their homes. The suffering was said to have been so much for my people. What do you think? That it serves them right? Or that the government should investigate and bring the culprits to book?
The cloak-and-dagger struggle for power among the politicians and power blocs in the state is a continuation of the confrontation between the pro-Akeredolu and pro-Aiyedatiwa factions. The Gov. Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu faction reigned supreme while their principal was alive and in power but lost out immediately he died. The faction supporting the then deputy governor, Lucky Orimisan Aiyedatiwa, fought tooth-and-nail to prevent his impeachment and once he became governor, the pendulum of power tilted in their favour. Power equation is never stationary or stagnant. It is dynamic and shifting; today in someone’s favour, tomorrow in another’s. Like corruption, those who lose power fight back. So, there are many angles to the ongoing fight in Ondo state: Those who are angered that it is no longer business as usual are kicking and splattering mud all over the place. That is understandable, it is in the nature of politics, especially the brand played here.
Spencer Johnson’s “Who moved my cheese” tells it all! Few people have the right orientation on how to respond to change. The person whose cheese is moved is not likely to take kindly to it. As our people will say, no one looks kindly at the person who collects food from one’s mouth! Vengeance on the one hand, and the desire to do the right thing, are thus two ends of the stick. So it is “Boo ba o pa; boo ba o buu l’ese”. Eliminate him/her physically if you are lucky to catch up with him/her; otherwise, ruin his or her integrity irreparably.
The other side of the coin, however, is that there can be no smoke where there has been no fire. That is one of my profession’s firm beliefs. This is the principle that makes reporters follow all leads and take all rumours and allegations seriously, believing that, in the end, something will be unearthed. The more I perused the allegations making the rounds in Ondo state; the more I kept returning to the conclusion of one informed citizen of the state that altruism is neither totally present nor absent in any of them. You might need more than a microscope to glean the ENTIRE truth! Even Jesus Christ did not make light of how arduous the task of separating the wheat from the chaff can be (Matthew 3:12)!
Did you read Chinua Achebe’s “Girls at war?” A 1972 short story, it focused on the essence of survival instinct in the midst of the uncertainties of the Nigerian civil war (1967 – 1970). In Ondo State, high profile “girls” are at war and the focus is survivalist instincts in the slippery terrains of politics. In saner climes, once you serve your term and leave office, you stay away! You hugged the limelight while you were there; now is the turn of other people to do similarly. That is the norm of civilised conduct. The new sheriffs in town must also understand that their stay, too, is for a while. Respect yourself, so that you can be respected. Raking up mud does no one any honour.
Jamaican reggae superstar, Peter Tosh, admonishes those who live in glass houses not to throw stones. Were you in public office? Or are you still there? That is a glass house. You should not throw stones! Hardly can you find anyone who passed through public office without leaving skeletons behind. If you left none of yours, what of those left by family, friends, and aides? So, stop washing your dirty linens in the open. It is not all clothes that are spread out in the sun to dry.
Osun State was on fire last week. It is most unfortunate that this came a few days after the six governors of the South-west had demonstrated exemplary camaraderie, giving great hope that they were in one accord to tackle the twin problems of security of life and property and food security, among others, ravaging the region. If the governors did not have it on their agenda before now, henceforth, it must rank high on their priority list to always discuss ways and means of promoting peaceful resolution of issues within the region; especially since they do not all belong to the same political party.
I have said it repeatedly that a uniform local government system as a so-called third tier of government rammed down everyone’s throat from Abuja is anachronistic and tramples federalism properly so called. Federating units should be at liberty to fashion out the local administration most suited to their needs and peculiarities. Unfortunately, even the states that we have today are not federating units like we had them in the First Republic but are mere creations of the military. But our leaders must obey the law – except they are minded to make a revolution; which I do not object to!
That Mr. A did not follow the law does not mean that Mr. B must retaliate in kind. Two wrongs, as they say, do not make a right. Both sides in the Osun imbroglio should look themselves in the mirror. The law frowns at hand-picked local government chairmen and councillors. They, too, are to be elected like the other two tiers of government (federal and state). Take-over and hand-over must, however, be done under the law. Anything likely to cause a breach of peace and breakdown of law and order must be avoided. Wilful destruction of life and property is an uncivilised conduct that should not be witnessed among us anymore. Court decisions should be obeyed without fail. There are avenues for appeal. Once that is exhausted, the decision of the court should be executed according to law. Where there are disagreements over interpretation – which is the crux of the matter in the Osun case – seek independent counsel and advice. Resorting to self-help is barbaric.
Last week’s crisis of leadership in the Lagos State House of Assembly speaks volumes about cracks in the once formidable APC political machine often touted as impregnable. But now it would appear as if William Butler’s “The Second Coming” has happened to that political fortress that withstood even the assault on it by President Olusegun Obasanjo. Bemoans Butler: “Turning and turning in the widening gyre/The falcon cannot hear the falconer/Things fall apart/The centre cannot hold/Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world” Such was the anarchy loosed upon the Lagos State House of Assembly last week when security operatives were said to have invaded it! But can anyone in his right senses call what happened an invasion when the same House had purportedly written to the security operatives requesting that security around the House be beefed up?
The House might have made a tactical mistake calling on the cat to help watch over its beef. They should have known better than to entrust their destiny in the hands of forces they do not control. Getting them in may be easy but getting them to do exactly what you invited them for may be something else. Throwing them out after you found, to your chagrin, that they were now turning the tables on you, may become even more herculean. The Honourables must have learnt some lesson the hard way last week.
Some analysts say the honourables are fighting a losing battle; another, that they have already lost the battle. How can they ever hope to get away with their “coup”? Can we not liken what is happening to the case of a child who cursed the “Iroko” tree and immediately began to cast curious glances over his shoulder to see what the “Iroko” would do? The elders say the “iroko” is as patient as the vulture. It not only takes its time but also chooses the place and time to strike once it is offended. How many of the “rebels” will be put forward by their party in 2027? A party to the dispute has gone to court; so we are obligated to let the law run its full gamut.
I struggled when I tried to cast a headline for the rumblings in the Lagos State House of Assembly: “Storm in a teacup” or “Bearding the Lion in his lair” Which of the two do you consider more appropriate?
Banning digital assets makes about as much sense as regulating against gravity. How many times did the market dip, back in 2017, on the news that China was banning Bitcoin BTC-0.92%Bitcoin, only to promptly recover at the realization of the notion’s absurdity?
But while Bitcoin is, to all intents and purposes, unbannable, the same can’t be said of central bank digital currencies—digital forms of national currencies issued and regulated by their central banks. In fact, that’s one of their core properties. Otherwise, governments couldn’t put their citizens in the naughty chair when they fall out of line by prohibiting their right to buy groceries.
To be fair, most governments aren’t as heavy-handed as China, with its notorious social credit scoring and rampant surveillance. Instead, they are seeking to develop digital currencies for boring bureaucratic purposes, such as greater administrative efficiency and economic data gathering.
Still, it’s no coincidence that China has been one of the biggest proponents of CBDCs and is racing ahead with its own implementation. And it should, therefore, come as no surprise that the United States, which instinctively inverts every Chinese position, should have canceled its own digital dollar after President Trump laid the banhammer.
There’s a beautiful yin and yang-ness to China banning Bitcoin and the US banning CBDCs. The self-perpetuating cycle is complete. Trump’s decision, like many that emulate from his “shoot first and ask questions later” government, is somewhat reactionary. However, sometimes, shooting first is the smartest thing you can do, and in this case, Trump has hit the target.
America’s digital dollar deserves to be shot down—as do those of every other Western nation. Not because the concept is wrong but because the implementation certainly is. If billions of citizens are going to have their data and financial assets placed on a global database, it’s going to need much better privacy protections than the current proposals offer.
The first domino falls
There are all kinds of ironies wrapped up in Trump’s decision to ban digital dollar. Like his willingness to countenance a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve or endorse a $TRUMP memecoin while simultaneously shunning a digital currency with a potential real-world use case. But even his most vocal critics have had little to say about this mandate.
While the US was by no means the staunchest advocate for a digital currency, with numerous nations much closer to launching their own efforts, the idea was very much on the table until Trump yanked the cloth. In becoming the first President to outright ban a CBDC, he’s tipped a domino that could cause other nations to follow suit, and the reason cited resonates with the people—privacy.
While other Western nations, especially in Europe, like to maintain the impression that they’re nobody’s master, the uncomfortable truth is that US decisions exert a strong pull on EU policy. Thus, America’s curtailing of its own CBDC will inevitably weaken the case for the EU’s digital euro and prompt renewed scrutiny of the purported privacy protections. If the EU wishes to get its own CBDC over the line, it will first need to return to the drawing board.
No privacy, no point
Despite the digital euro being described as being “as private as cash,” this isn’t strictly true. The potential for governments, NGOs, and other shadowy organizations to gain unwarranted insight into citizens’ spending habits—and to censor transactions or “cancel” customers altogether—is very real.
That’s not to suggest that backers of the digital euro are acting out of bad faith necessarily, more out of bad tech. Blockchain evolves fast while the wheels of policymaking turn slow, meaning that by the time digital currency pilots have been greenlit, the underlying tech is already looking tired. As anyone directly involved in web3 will tell you, there are now far better ways to enforce onchain privacy while maintaining compliance—ways that don’t involve placing the privacy of every citizen on a massive database and then broadcasting it for all the world to see.
From ZK proofs to fully homomorphic encryption, privacy standards have become more robust and feature-rich in recent years, allowing for nuanced disclosure of sensitive data without leaving it at risk of exposure to centralized entities and potential malicious actors. Crucially, onchain encryption standards have also become much lighter, allowing for more efficient computation.
Indeed, ZKs and FHE are the sorts of technologies that would be ideally suited to facilitating the outcomes the EU wishes to achieve with its digital euro, such as tiered privacy in which low-value purchases are lightly scrutinized and high-value ones are subject to more intensive checks.
The good news is it’s not too late to remedy this: the digital euro is still at an early stage, with its final implementation still being worked out. There’s time to get this right. If there’s one thing we’ve learned from the whirlwind that is the Trump administration, it’s that a lot can be achieved in a month. There’s no need to move fast and break stuff.
But make no mistake, the EU does need to move and signal that its own digital currency will be everything the proposed digital yuans and dollars of the world are not: Secure. Private. Robust. Otherwise, it risks being canceled, just like CBDCs in the US.
I am grateful to Seyi Sowemimo, SAN, and Abdul Jinadu respectively for taking the time to address matters of historical record from my column of last week. This column this week publishes their rejoinders (modestly edited for economy) without comment.
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My Father Refused to Swear in Muhammadu Buhari after the Coup of 31 December 1983
By Seyi Sowemimo, SAN
I have in recent times come across two posts or write-ups put up by Professor Odinkalu containing some misinformation, which requires correction so that they do not become accepted for all times as the true versions of the events to which they relate.
The first has to do with the events of 31st December 1983 which heralded in the Buhari/Idiagbon Administration. From his account, the then Chief Justice of Nigeria, Justice George Sodeinde Sowemimo GCON (who happens to be my late father) was out of the country at the material time. The Military in his absence then proposed to swear in Justice Aniagolu in his place as Chief Justice but the learned Justice declined the offer.
I have some personal knowledge of the events of that day and it has therefore become necessary to correct some aspects of your narrative. Firstly, the Chief Justice of Nigeria, Justice Sowemimo was certainly in the country at that time. What actually happened was that on the night of the coup, the military officers sent the then Secretary to Federal Government, Mr. Gray Longe to CJN’s official residence to invite my father to their gathering at Bonny Camp. In panic, my late mother sent word to me to alert me of the development but happily by the time I got to the house, my father had returned from Bonny Camp.
What happened at Bonny Camp was that the Military Officers requested that my father swear him General Muhammadu Buhari, as the new Head of State and possibly thereafter accompany him to the Television Station where he was to make his maiden Broadcast. The Chief Justice refused and impressed on them the fact that they had by their actions suspended the Constitution and that he could not therefore as the Chief Justice legitimately swear General Buhari as the Head of State. The military officers were persuaded by this explanation and General Buhari thereafter proceeded with the takeover without formality of a swearing-in.
When my father got to Bonny Camp that night, he met some Judges at the venue but their presence has never been fully explained. I, however, believe that if such offer was ever made to Justice Aniagolu it would be easy for me to appreciate his disinclination towards the offer as judges of their ilk were not consumed by ambition and Justice Aniagolu would well have recognized that there were other Justices of the Supreme Court who were senior to him and that an acceptance of such an offer would have created a very awkward situation for the judiciary, especially at the level of the Supreme Court. Anyone familiar with the level of camaraderie which existed amongst the Justices of that Court at the material time will readily appreciate why such an offer would have been spurned.
The second post concerns the compulsory retirement of Hon Justice Yaya Jinadu from the High Court. An aspect of the narrative which is incorrect concerns the claim that Hon. Justice Adefarasin, the then Chief Judge of Lagos State, unilaterally withdrew the Garba case file from Justice Jinadu. The version that I am familiar with is that it was Justice Jinadu who requested that the case file be reassigned to another judge. The Advisory Judicial Council made up of the Chief Justice, the President of the Court of Appeal and several other Justices actually called for the case file and observed for themselves the minutes by Justice Jinadu requesting that the case file be assigned to another judge. It is therefore not correct or fair to give the impression that the case file was unceremoniously withdrawn from him by Justice Adefarasin, the Chief Judge. What infuriated members of the Supreme Military Council was the fact that the Judge had made those false claims against the Chief Judge. This was the background to the compulsory retirement of Justice Yaya Jinadu.
Finally, you described as infamous the judgment of Justice Sowemimo which convicted the late sage, Chief Obafemi Awolowo. You referred to the judgment as “infamous”. This characterisation clearly ignores the fact that the judgment was in fact upheld and confirmed unanimously by a panel of five justices of the Supreme Court [in] Michael Omisade & Ors. v. The Queen (1964) 1 All NLR, 23.
The judgment in the Omisade case was in fact preceded by the judgment in the treasonable felony trial of Chief Anthony Enahoro, who was convicted and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment by Hon. Justice S.O Lambo on the very same set of facts, two weeks before the judgment in the Awolowo case. Chief Enahoro’s appeal was decided by another set of five Supreme Court Justices, who affirmed his conviction but reduced the sentence from 15 to seven years.
It is unfair in the circumstances to describe the judgment of the trial Court as infamous, considering the fact that 10 reputable Justices of the highest Court upheld the conviction of the accused persons.
Seyi Sowemimo, a Senior Advocate of Nigeria, practices law in Lagos
My Father was not Compulsorily Retired – A Response to Seyi Sowemimo
By Abdul Jinadu
It was with some sadness that I read a document which had been apparently circulating written by a Mr. Seyi Sowemimo dated 18 February 2025 entitled “Rejoinder to Recent Posts by Professor Chidi Odinkalu” in which the writer professes to address “two posts or write-ups put up by Professor Odinkalu….”
It is ironic that in purporting to correct alleged misinformation, Mr. Sowemimo himself traffics in misinformation and what one may charitably describe as errors of fact. He deals with two issues: the events of 31st December 1983 and the events surrounding my late father, Mr. Justice Yahya Abiodun Olatunde Jinadu’s resignation from the Lagos State High Court bench in 1984.
I have no particular position to take up with Mr. Sowemimo in respect of his first issue as I profess no particular knowledge of the matters which he discusses. However, I suspect that if he approached this first issue with the same standards of veracity and objectivity with which he addresses the second of his issues, Mr. Sowemimo’s account will be found to be somewhat lacking in fidelity to the truth.
I do take a firm position as regards Mr. Sowemimo’s comments regarding my father and the circumstances in which he resigned from the bench. It is lamentable, and perhaps indicative of the standards which currently obtain, that a member of the inner bar would display such poor skills as a legal researcher so as to assert that my father was compulsorily retired. If Mr. Sowemimo had carried out even the most basic research that one would expect of a first year law student at an average university, he would have discovered that my father resigned rather than bow to what he believed, and what history has confirmed, were egregious attempts by the Advisory Judicial Committee to interfere with the independence of the judiciary, all in the service of a military dictatorship. In his resignation letter (it is not clear on what basis one would write a resignation letter if he had been compulsorily retired) my father famously said that he was retiring “to protect his integrity and preserve the independence of the judiciary”.
I would recommend that Mr. Sowemimo search out a copy of the book “A Salute to Courage” written by Richard Akinnola and published by the late Chief Gani Fawehinmi’s Chambers which contains a more accurate account of the relevant events with reference to primary documents and interviews with some of the key actors. I am happy to provide Mr. Sowemimo with a copy should he so desire. The documents establish that Mr. Justice Adefarasin had unilaterally withdrawn the case file from my father on the instructions of the military dictatorship who were not pleased with the manner in which my father was conducting the trial. My father, long after he had retired, opined that he was aware that there was an attempt to use his court to wrongfully convict an innocent man and conscious of his judicial oath and his obligations as a Muslim mandated in the holy Quran that he abide no injustice particularly when he was appointed to the hallowed position on the bench, he was not going to allow that to happen. In my father’s words, the judiciary was the last hope of the common man.
This year marks the centenary of my father’s birth. He passed away five years ago surrounded by his loving family and confident in the judgment of history as still being the only judge in the history of Nigeria to have resigned on a point of principle.
It would have been a cause of immense sadness to him that an individual from the profession which he so revered and one who is the son of an individual who for a very long time he considered a dear friend would be the one attempting to rewrite history in this rather clumsy fashion. Fortunately, there are individuals alive today such as Alhaji Femi Okunnu SAN, who was one of my father’s closest advisors and confidants when this issue arose, who were first hand witnesses to the events in question.
Abdul Jinadu is a Barrister at Keating Chambers in London
Seplat Energy Plc, an indigenous oil and gas producer, is settling down to business in Akwa Ibom with its successful acquisition of the assets and liabilities of ExxonMobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited last year. It was one of the protracted corporate purchases in Nigeria’s oil industry lasting well over five years. ExxonMobil had operated in the state for over 50 years (It started as Mobil and in November 1999, merged with Exxon to form ExxonMobil) and had become an important part of the Akwa Ibom community until it was bought last year for $1.3 billion by Seplat. To make its presence easily felt in the state, Seplat appointed an eminent Akwa Ibom son, Senator Udoma Udo Udoma, as its board chairman. Early this year, the chairman led the company on a visit to Governor Umo Eno. I congratulate Senator Udoma on his appointment and I welcome Seplat to Akwa Ibom the state. But I have a few words of advice for the company.
During the visit to the Government House, Senator Udoma told the governor that the company is willing to partner with the government for sustainable development and would ‘’support the socio-economic development of Akwa Ibom State’’ and improve the wellbeing of the host communities. He said ExxonMobil was acquired by a subsidiary of Seplat known as Seplat Energy Offshore Limited, and clarified that the new entity will now be known as Seplat Energy Producing Nigeria Unlimited (SEPNU) and that all assets and liabilities of the previous company would be retained. Gov. Eno welcomed the company and promised cooperation from the government.
The specific roles and contributions of oil companies to the host communities are well spelt out in the Petroleum Industry Act and I am sure that SEPNU will do well to adhere to the provisions of this law and establish healthy relationships with its host communities in particular and Akwa Ibom State as a whole. But there are other items that I wish to bring to the notice of the company in terms of its relationship with Akwa Ibom State. First, ExxonMobil was a very responsible corporate citizen and through its conduct; it endeared itself to the people and the government. It had a lot of Akwa Ibom people in its senior management cadre. My good friend, Udom Inoyo, who is also well known to Senator Udoma, rose from a junior executive position hired in 1989 to the position of Executive Vice chairman from where he retired a few ago. There were many other Akwa Ibom sons and daughters in senior positions as geophysicists; engineers; lawyers; HR; finance; communications and IT specialists, etc.
Now, these people are retiring, and I want to advise that SEPNU should replace them with other Akwa Ibom people who are qualified to hold these positions. SEPNU should not make the mistake of replacing them with people from other places with the hackneyed excuse that ‘’there’s no qualified Akwa Ibom person for the job’’. I have heard such silly excuses from other companies, and I believe that with Senator Udoma as chairman, Seplat will not insult our people with a similar justification. In fact, SEPNU may have to draw up an affirmative action to ensure the employment of our people in all cadres; with at least two Akwa Ibom people in executive positions. There are many qualified Akwa Ibom persons and they are capable of competing for any position in the company. Akwa Ibom people will resist every attempt at cleansing out our people who were hired, trained and groomed by ExxonMobil from SEPNU.
ExxonMobil had also built and maintained a large pool of competent contractors and service providers from Akwa Ibom State. I imagine that SEPNU will continue to use them and add more to the list in future. In fact, it would be cost-effective for SEPNU to encourage service providers to be located close to QIT instead of mobilizing them from Warri, Lagos or Port Harcourt to its shallow water platforms. In terms of educational intervention, SEPNU should also offer generous scholarships to Akwa Ibom students at various educational institutions. ExxonMobil was also very good at this. The technical training centre built by ExxonMobil in Eket which served as a training facility for the technical staff will have to be upgraded to a full-fledged engineering centre.
ExxonMobil had planned to establish an engineering centre at the University of Uyo, but unfortunately, the plan was not fully realized before it exited the State. An engineering centre is relevant for the Nigerian oil industry as a training facility for the core professionals in civil, mechanical, petroleum and alternative energy engineering. SEPNU may wish to go ahead and either upgrade the training centre to an engineering centre or complete the one ExxonMobil was planning to build at UniUyo as well as continue with the trauma centre it was planning for the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital.
The location of ExxonMobil’s corporate headquarters in Lagos was a major concern to the Akwa Ibom people and the state government. The company resisted pressures from successive governors to relocate to Akwa Ibom despite the incentives and conducive business environment the state offers. As a renowned corporate lawyer, Senator Udoma understands the intricacies of oil politics and he’s in a position to guide Seplat on the issue of headquarters location. Seplat will do well to respect the people; interests and cultures of our people and work to establish mutually beneficial relationships with the people and their government.
I have a word for the host communities and the state government. Undoubtedly, they have their respective roles in making a success of Seplat’s entry to the state. While the PIA authorizes oil companies to pay royalties directly to the host communities, it is the responsibility of the host communities to manage these funds efficiently, and transparently and develop the communities. The monies are not to be shared among community leaders.
The state government is expected to deploy tax revenues and contributions from the oil company to create an enabling environment for the growth of business. I recall that in 2011, ExxonMobil paid N8 billion to the Akwa Ibom government when Godswill Akpabio was governor as its contribution to the repairs and expansion of Eket-Ibeno Road. But quite curiously, the Udom Emmanuel administration that succeeded Akpabio later denied that the money was paid. The denial created quite a furore and resulted in an unfortunate and needless controversy which embarrassed our people, including Akwa Ibom executives in the company. It was enough to discourage future CSR initiatives from the company. The government has a responsibility to manage its resources responsibly and transparently to earn the confidence of the citizens and investors.
I’m pleased at the appointment of Senator Udoma as the Chairman of Seplat. In 2021, I put him and 12 other persons on the cover of my book on the struggle for the abrogation of the onshore-offshore oil dichotomy. As a senator between 1999 and 2007, he fought hard to ensure the abrogation of the obnoxious dichotomy and with that, Akwa Ibom has been receiving billions every month in oil revenues. Senator Udoma is one of the most upright; decent and honest Nigerians. I’m sure that he will protect our interests.
Thirty-two years after leaving power, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida has assumed full responsibility for what happened on the June 12th 1993 annulment of Chief MKO Abiola’s presidential election and its attendant consequences.
He has explained the circumstances under which it happened and has not only acknowledged that Abiola actually won the election but that he was also unfairly robbed of his mandate when he and his military regime annulled it.
What he didn’t say was that if he had not annulled the election, those who wanted it aborted would have killed him, key members of his government, MKO Abiola, MKO’s family and everyone else who opposed them and his government would have been toppled in a very violent and bloody coup which would have definitely led to a long, brutal and protracted civil war.
IBB has told his side of the story and explained to us what actually transpired. He refused to remain silent, he did not shy away from speaking the truth or refuse to accept responsibility and he did not pass the buck. Instead, he came clean, displayed immense courage and did the proper thing.
That is what leaders are meant to do and he did it without fear or favour regardless of whose ox was gored. Kudos to him. We need to appreciate this gesture, eschew all bitterness, let go of all our pent-up anger, forgive him for what many perceive to be his sins and move on. Equally, we need to accord him his rightful place in history as one the the greats despite his fallibility. He is after all a mere man, albeit a great one, and not God.
Only God is free of fault and is infallible and there is not one man that has ever lived, led or ruled that is infallible. All those insulting and abusing him today for putting the facts and his experiences on record in his book are malevolent, bitter, twisted souls & unenlightened, ignorant, cowards who have no appreciation of history or what this man actually achieved in his eight years in office or the events that led up to June 12.
They only see things in part and are allowing their emotions rather than their heads to rule them. I was in the NADECO trenches during that difficult time and like many others paid my dues too but I can say that outside of the June 12 matter, IBB did more for Nigeria than virtually any other president or head of state.
He left power 32 years ago and yet every single living former Nigerian president and head of state, bar President Muhammadu Buhari who he had removed from power in a coup in 1985, attended his book launching in person and despite all, Buhari actually sent a representative.
It was an extraordinary event and I witnessed it with my own eyes because I had the privilege of being invited.
If the number of leaders that attended — which included President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, former Head of State General Yakubu Gowon, former Head of State General Abdulsalami Abubakar, former President and former Head of State President Olusegun Obasanjo, former President Goodluck Jonathan, former President of Ghana Nana Akufo Addo, former President of Sierra Leone President Koroma, former Vice President Yemi Osinbajo, former Vice President Sambo and former Vice President Atiku Abubakar — did not tell Nigerians the high esteem that the ruling elites have for him, then nothing will.
May God continue to be with this great and inspiring man who has displayed immense discipline, resilience, dignity, self-respect, courage and humility throughout his distinguished life. I pray he continues to share his vast reserves of knowledge & wisdom & make his contributions to national development for many years to come.
Whether his numerous detractors like it or not IBB remains an enigma, an institution and the most consequential head of state and president in our history. No one can take that from him and we are very proud of him. I wish both him and his family well.
Since Thursday when his autobiography, A Journey In Service, was launched, former military president, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, has taken centre stage of national attention. The autobiography reminds me of James Hadley Chase’s Make the Corpse Walk. It is the story of eccentric millionaire, Kester Weidmann, who in his weirdest best, believed money could buy everything, life and death inclusive. So, one day, Weidmann woke up with the crazy idea that his dead brother could be brought back to life. He then enlisted the services of a voodoo specialist to perform this crazed task. Rollo, crooked nightclub, owner was his perfect find to act out this massive con artistry of a lifetime. Things however went awry with the cast of this weird task who soon told themselves that Weidmann’s wealth was more attractive a pie than his absurd voodoo fabrication.
A couple of weeks ago, I recall citing Dr. Nina Mba’s description of biographers as “People who knead people.” It was in the process of taking a bird’s-eye view of Chief Bisi Akande’s autobiography, My Participations. My interpretation of Mba’s phrasal coinage was that biographers knead their subjects like bakers make raw flour into edible pancake, doughnut or bread. I also found my own label for autobiographers. Many a time, I submitted, they are self-conjurers. A Journey In Service didn’t just attempt to knead an edible dough out of an IBB Nigerians would love to hate, it is a re-conjuration, a Nigerian Kester Weidmann ex-head of state’s attempt to knead a compelling dough from his raw self perception in the estimation of history.
Make no mistake about it, very few, if there are any, Nigerian rulers possessed General Babangida’s intelligence, brilliance and savvy. It is why I easily agree with Gen Yakubu Gowon, in his foreword to the autobiography, who says “General Babangida was arguably one of the most remarkable military officers this country is blessed with.” While the last 25 years of civilian rule have paraded accidents as leaders, Babangida wanted power, romanced power, was besotted by power and prepared for power, mentally and physically. While in office, his statecraft and style of leadership were a total lift from and replica portraiture of the precepts in The Prince, 16th-century Italian writer, diplomat and politician, Niccolo Machiavelli’s famous but deadly portrait of and prescriptions for tough leadership.
To reinforce this and create a look-alike model of Machiavelli’s quintessential ruler, IBB garnished power with the image of a lethal ruler. In the same vein, he decorated the cottage of power with the sweet icing of a patrimonial leader. Like Machiavelli, Babangida concentrated and centered power around himself. This gave the semblance of a leadership that was people-centred, under the pretence of running a government that carried the people along. He was also unpredictable with power, like the Machiavelli Prince, springing surprises at the drop of a hat, a portraiture that is a dip into the playbook of Machiavelli. In the same way, like a concentration camp, he gathered people of contravening persuasions into government, sucking them in via gifts and purchase of their loyalties. Respected academics fell to his suasion through appointments while his smiles hid the graffiti of a sadistic rule.
Like Machiavelli, IBB silenced opposition. His smilingly harmless look turned his opposition into jelly. For instance, he swayed hitherto unbending critics like Tai Solarin who he brought into the People’s Bank and subsequently humiliated. Babangida ran a government that was unpredictable and which he manoeuvred to sustain his hold on power. He was a genie of a genius, deservedly earning the sobriquets of “evil genius” and “Maradona.” But, as a replay of the epic downfall of emperors, rulers and suzerains of old has shown, wisdom kills the wise. Many times, the wise die in graveyards dug by the unwise. My people render this as “Ogbon pa ologbon”.
Very few Nigerian leaders built institutions that endure like Babangida. He went on a binge of self-adulation when he made a recount of these in his book. Babangida established organisations like the Mass Mobilization for Self Recovery, Social Justice and Economic Recovery (MAMSER), Directorate of Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure, (DIFFRI) Code of Conduct Bureau, AMCON, etc. Many of the political institutions he established, some of which still stand today, were products of the tirelessly innovating mind of the military leader. He also introduced some palliative measures into the economy, especially after the early 1990s SAP riots like the Urban Mass Transit Programme; Better Life for Rural Dwellers Programme; non-interest small loan-funneling community banks like the Peoples Bank, among others.
In A Journey In Service, Babangida gave the impression of a ruler who was not driven by self to serve. Which was not completely true. By the time he vacated power in 1993, allegations of frittering off more than $14 billion 1992 Gulf War oil windfall hung on his head like a Sword of Damocles.
While A Journey In Service contains the histrionics of Babangida’s eight-year rule, it sidestepped some basic realities that Nigerians had to grapple with within this period. Of a truth, IBB was one of Nigeria’s smartest rulers. As against the Bola Tinubu government which is being clever by half in its lickspittling for the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Babangida literally retreated when Nigeria roared against his decision to accept IMF’s multi-billion-dollar financial aid to cushion the economy.
Babangida’s economic programmes, especially the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), have been adjudged to be the beginning of the obliteration of the Nigerian middle class. That class was a major anvil of the Nigerian economy with its features of sophistication. SAP obliterated this class and also led to violence in the polity. Some of these were inter and intra-ethnic violence, religious uprisings like the 1991 Katsina and Bauchi riots, the Zango-Kataf riots of 1992 and the Ogoni crisis which later snowballed into the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa under Sani Abacha. IBB’s ECOWAS Peace Keeping Force (ECOMOG) in Liberia had Nigeria propitiate billions of Naira to a non-existing god of cooperation in West Africa while also constituting a massive drain on the economy.
Of all these, Babangida’s handling of the political transition programme of his administration would seem to have inflicted the hugest pain whose hurt has refused to disappear from the Nigerian backbone. This makes Chapter 12 of his memoir, which comes under the title “Transition to Civil Rule and the June 12 Saga” the most contentious of the autobiography. Therein, IBB made spirited efforts to explain his clear-mindedness and intention of bequeathing a civilian government to Nigerians. Data on the ground however point to a self-vaunting ambition for life rule. He started off by rationalising his government’s political agenda, beginning with the political bureau. The more he explained June 12, the more he revealed gaping holes fraught with his demonstrable intention to transmute into a civilian president. His romance with diarchy is a clear example.
The above got him a harvest of dead and dislocated Nigerians. South west became the graveyard of recorded and unrecorded casualties. I clearly recall one of the incidents aftermath of the June 12 election fiasco in Lagos where the death of 75 people was recorded. Gen Sani Abacha, the secretary of defence and chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, had to summon Michael Otedola, the civilian governor of Lagos state, over the violence. Nigeria subsequently became an ungovernable state with soldiers deployed on the streets of Lagos and other southwest cities.
Babangida, in a national broadcast which was his first statement on the voided June 12 presidential election, rather than the ambivalent portrayal he made of himself in his autobiography, rationalised the annulment of the election. He had said: “It is true that the presidential election was generally seen to be free, fair and peaceful” but in the same vein, went into a long list of reasons he claimed his government annulled the election.
During the twilight of his rule, with the June 12 fiasco becoming a whirlwind, it was as if Babangida was shopping for justifications for the annulment of the election, right, left and centre. One of these, he said, was that some military officers had sworn that Abiola would be president over their dead bodies. He then glibly called for a new election which would still lead to the handing over of power on August 27, 1993 and set new criteria for eligibility to contest. The whirlwind eventually swept him off, with him making a quieter admittance that he was “stepping aside” from power.
A Journey In Service, while collating some of the events above, attempted to rationalise Babangida’s decisions for taking fatal decisions of state but the rationalisations fell face flat, and fatally, too. For instance, he attempted to state that he was not a power-besotting ruler, which was a wrong self-appraisal. As he retreated to Minna in August 1993, palpable fears hovered in the polity that he would yet take over the reins of office of Nigerian president in the shortest time. On August 15, 2006, in an interview he granted the Financial Times, he gave an inkling of his intention to fulfil this fear. He had vaguely told the newspaper that in 2007, he would run for office “under the banner of the Nigerian people”. Less than three months after, specifically on November 8, 2006, he showed up to pick the party nomination form of the PDP which the then chairman, Ahmadu Alli, personally issued him. Not long after, IBB timidly fled like a frightened cat, from his aspiration, citing a reason people found untenable. He had said that his withdrawal was due to a “moral dilemma” because the younger brother of Shehu Yar-Adua, his late military boss, Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, was also in the race. The speculation was however that he scampered away for fear of electoral disgrace. Again, in September 2010, the retired general expressed the desire to run for the 2011 presidential election but withdrew the intention almost immediately.
The book is also a fatal deconstruction of a Babangida whose heroism and valour were almost a legend. It would have been better if Babangida had continued playing the ostrich on June 12 by not talking about it at all. Nigerians, and indeed the world, would have continued to be beguiled by the facade they had of a tough hombre Babangida. With this, Babangida would have gone to his grave with the impression of a man of valour. Recall that, at some point in his rule, he had told a news magazine that he loved dreaded military generals, Shaka and Hannibal. Shaka the Zulu was a 19th-century general often depicted with a long throwing assegai and heavy shield. Hannibal was also a Carthaginian military general and statesman who led the forces of Carthage against the Roman Republic. When the interviewers reminded Babangida that both were ruthless and dreaded, he merely flashed his gap tooth in a weird grin.
What we have in A Journey In Service is a pusillanimous army general that didn’t resemble the picture of General Babangida we had. The general in that book, on the outward, merely wears the epaulette of a valiant four-star general but was a buck-passer. How does the world reconcile the picture of a Babangida who fought valiantly in the civil war and got wounded in the process; one who smilingly and fearlessly almost disarmed Lt- Col Bukar Suka Dimka inside the Radio Nigeria studio; who had the steely heart to order the execution of his best friend, Mamman Vatsa, now selling himself in the portraiture of a Sani Abacha bootlicker? The book is a portrait of a military general who didn’t want to die after Gideon Orkar fiercely dealt him a mortal blow inside Dodan Barracks. It appears to every reader, back-grounded by what we heard in April 1990 that, though IBB refuted it, after his rescue by Abacha in the Orkar coup, a blood oath made between the duo to hand over power to the Kanuri-born psychopath. All the fatal decisions Babangida later took were predicated on this assumption. He was sore afraid of Abacha and his sadism and in the process, cost Nigerians their lives in their thousands. Again, this vicariously triggered the disequilibrium Nigeria witnessed post-June 12 and IBB was also responsible for the trillions of Naira Nigeria wasted. Babangida can also be said to be vicariously responsible for the ghastly rule of Abacha, the many people he killed and the stagnation of reason during his time in government.
That chapter on June 12 drowned the other revealing and intellectually stimulating chapters of the book which are historical nuggets. Unfortunately, virtually all the dramatis personae of the election are now deceased. Did Babangida wait for this auspicious moment to unleash his revisionist chapter of his memoir? Or, was it merely to make peace with history and his creator when he passes? Whatever it is, that chapter was poor artistry. It is akin to eccentric millionaire, Kester Weidmann’s weird attempt to make a corpse walk, an absurd fabrication of sainthood for himself. Thirty two years after, the anti-hero of that grisly political drama which almost splintered Nigeria and was on the verge of tossing the country into a huge internecine war, chose to canonize himself.
However, A Journey In Service has shown the path of a road to travel wide open to travellers in government. Babangida traced his geneology from grandfather, Malam Ibrahim, a prominent Muslim cleric and wanderer who migrated from Sokoto to Kano and Kontagora who settled in Wushishi. He also wrote about how Ibrahim married his pretty wife, Halima. He traced the family roots up to his father, Malam Muhammadu Badamasi, ostensibly to explain how he got his middle name, ‘Badamasi’ which many confused with ‘Gbadamosi’ a Yoruba name. Now, or in the future, we will expect President Tinubu, VP Kashim Shettima’s and others’ autobiographies as well. They must all write their memoirs so that we can indeed meet the characters who govern us.
Lastly, many have disdained the gathering in Abuja for the book launch and the huge billions of Naira announced as donations. No one remembered to even offer a minute silence for the dead of and from June 12. The gathering has been explained off as elite regrouping and this class’ clear disconnect from the everyday issues of the average Nigerian. It should serve as a lesson to the Nigerian people. In Osun State now, power-mongers are seeking state capture, the same way IBB sought to, over three decades ago. The APC is baring its fangs, using Bola Tinubu’s hold on federal power as Malacca-cane with which to grope in the dark. The Attorney General of the Federation is rudely descending into the Osun arena with partisan and needless threat laced in the garb of a harmless advice, while the IGP is flexing his muscles with impunity.
As they all gathered by the feet of IBB last Thursday, they should have learned a fundamental lesson from the senescent General: that it is only an allotted time that power-wielders use; no one wears the apron of power forever until it becomes a tattered rag (Igba l’onigba nlo; enikan o lo ile aye gbo). It speaks to the temporality and ephemerality of the power they use to harass Nigerians.
“A group without a leader is a mob” – Anonymous, VANGUARD BOOK OF QUOTATIONS, VBQ, p 82. “All political parties die at last of swallowing their own lies” – Dr John Arbuthnot, 1667-1735, VBQ p 191.
Ask anybody who is the leader of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, or the Labour Party; and you would receive different answers. These are the two leading opposition parties. Yet, they are effectively leaderless. Everybody in the world knows who the leader of the Conservative Party in Britain. She is our own Nigerian-born Kemi Badenoch. We might not like what she says; but, worldwide, she is more highly esteemed that any politician in Nigeria today; mainly, because she will never decamp to the ruling party for personal gain. The abnormality can never happen in the UK or India or Canada. There are some Made-In-Nigeria political atrocities which, being endemic, have guaranteed that good governance, which is indispensable to development, will continue to elude us.
Just in case the reader goes away with the impression that the ruling party had been exonerated, permit me to ask: who is the leader of the All Progressives Congress, APC? I know the President – Bola Tinubu. Ordinarily, he should be regarded as the leader. But, some of the most disgruntled political elements, especially in the North, are APC members. So badly is the party divided, the Chairman, Ganduje, has been afraid to call a meeting of the National Executive Committee. That is bad enough. The most alarming aspect of the APC problem lies in the lack of total support for Tinubu and even open hostility, by people holding APC party cards.
Important Bills
“There is nothing worse than for a leader to look behind him and find nobody is following” – US President Lyndon Johnson. Tinubu is not without followers; far from it. However, there are several types of followers. What happened to Jonathan should teach him a lesson – going forward. Most Nigerian politicians are political mercenaries; they go where food is ready and leave when there is threat to the food supply. Right now, northern political leaders are confronted with an APC in which their financial interests are seriously threatened. In less than two years of Tinubu government, the adverse changes in their individual and collective circumstances have resulted in a groundswell of demand for the return of the presidency to the North – at all costs.
More than ever, they are prepared to forgive even those who governed very badly. El-Rufai, the immediate past Governor of Kaduna State, offers a good example of current mind of the North. Extremely clever, he knows that blaming the rulers excites the populace more easily than appeals for hope when a country experiences economic hardship. It is all well and good to point to the benefits in the long run if tough measures are taken now. But, the stomach is a rascal. People don’t eat in the long run; they must have food today. And, if that is not possible; somebody must pay for it. The strongest campaigners against the Tinubu government are APC members. Before going into the details of how they intend to sabotage the leadership of the APC, it is necessary to point out that they have already scored a major victory.
Tax Bills Gutted
“Building half a bridge is the most worthless investment a government can make” – An international bridge-builder with over 300 bridges to his credit. Granted, Tinubu and the framers of the Tax Reform Bills committed a blunder by not consulting widely enough and building a winning coalition before presenting the bill to the National Assembly, NASS. Still, the fact that the first groups to openly reject them were those dominated by APC spoke volumes about how much control the President had over his own party.
The Nigeria Governors Forum, at first, not only turned them down; the most vocal opponent of the bills was Professor Zulum of Borno State. Vice President Shetimma, who is from that state, must have been deeply embarrassed. That gesture demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt that the party could not guarantee the support of its own Governors. Similarly, at the NASS, the fiercest war against the bills was waged by APC Senators led by Ndume. That provided the northern elite the opportunity to rally the people around them. Incidentally, anybody following the affair closely would have noticed that most members of the Arewa Consultative Forum, ACF, the Northern Elders Forum, NEF, as well as various youth organisations, who were up in arms, had not even read the bills before taking positions.
Once the bills were pronounced anti-North by the early responders, the majority simply fell in line. It was the classic case of giving a dog a bad name in order to hang it. The very few northern FG supporters kept their distance; they remained in Abuja out of fear of reprisals by lynch mobs. The Daily Trust, the most reliable political weather vane, to which I subscribe, published everyday stinging rebukes of the bills as a plot by Lagos State to colonise the North. It was as bad as that. Tension was lowered when amendments were made to the bills which partly mollified the Governors. Despite that, trust had been eroded. Northerners, who provided the winning margin, now feel like the man who escaped being beheaded by a beneficiary but lost his cap. The broad attitude now is: never again. Millions of those who voted in 2023 have turned their backs on the apparent leader of their party. The obvious question is: why have they not departed? The short answer is: money and time.
The Enemies Within
“Better a declared enemy than a doubtful ally” – Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821.
Tinubu should thank God for Atiku and Obi. They are declared political opponents, but, might not be harmful on account of the mobs which have seized control of the PDP and Labour Party. The fellows who should be giving him sleepless nights are APC members; who are no longer loyal to him, but, who recognise that he is still in control of the kitchen. They intend to stay; continue to collect their shares of the national cake and stab him in the back at the right time. El-Rufai is naïve and too emotional for his own good. Yet, he is better than the pretenders who are working quietly to sabotage the APC and Tinubu.
Some of them are in Aso Rock. Obviously, even the APC is in muted disarray. Unlike the other poor parties, money has made it possible to sound-proof the edifice called APC; neighbours don’t hear the noise – which is very much there. Thus, if you ask APC members privately who is your leader, you might be shocked to receive the sort of reply one “party stalwart” gave me in Lagos last week: “We no longer have a leader. That old man should go home. See the mess he has created in Lagos State.” Tinubu might not realise it; but, he needs rock solid support from the South-West, especially, Lagos. He also must work on the rest of the South. Most people in the North have already made up their minds; this government is not for them. There is danger ahead.
Men, Money and Madness
“Power and money, do, of course, drive people crazy. So, why shouldn’t people also gain power and wealth through being crazy?” – Saul Bellow, 1915-2005, VBQ p 195. America, once called God’s Own Country, but not any longer, has two crazy men running the government. They have power and money and don’t care what anybody says. Americans used to pretend that nobody is above the law. But, they shamelessly elected the most lawless person ever to run for President.
Just two weeks ago, Donald Trump defied a court order; and nobody in Congress said a word. If Tinubu had done that, an American media would have called him all sorts of names and our National Assembly, NASS, bush men. That is understandable. Tinubu is not crazy; and people in our NASS are not under a spell. They have faults; but, not those needing to be remedied by bringing straight jackets. Mark my words, Americans will wake up before the end of Trump’s term to discover that even a giant alone can be extremely vulnerable.
All animals are not equal. If you doubt it, attempt to replicate General Ibrahim Babangida’s actions and inactions over the years – and see where you’ll end up.
First shoot your way into power. Confront civil society with both an iron fist and a toothy smile. Be a military Janus – on one side Santa Claus, on the other Belgium’s Leopold II. Then, seeing the prodigious talent and charisma Providence has bestowed on you, lock yourself up in a social laboratory and, like the scientist Frankenstein, create a new serpentine democracy which crawls a little to the right and a little to the left, eventually threatening to swallow you.
The June 12 monster! In what book is it written that a date could swallow an emperor? Run! As a cat with so many lives, you call it a day and retire into comfort. Didn’t God Himself rest on the seventh day?
Your coterie of eulogists and beneficiaries add salt to the society’s injury: They canonise you. “Saint Ibrahim invented the new Nigeria! It’s just unfortunate that negative forces did not allow him to conclude the good work he had started”. In the pantheon of Nigeria’s carpetbaggers who watered the tree of autocracy with the blood of fellow citizens, they say, “Saint Ibrahim is better than the other goggle-wearing gnome. We can confirm that Ibrahim doesn’t eat infants.”
In your hibernation, you continue to enjoy the status of a major shareholder in Naija Turn-By-Turn Plc. Your castle is a Mecca to which every political pilgrim journeys. And then, 32 years after the crime of June 12, you re-emerge to take responsibility for everything that happened under your watch. Except that it still wasn’t your fault but the machination of that goggled one!
Forgivable?
So, you knew all these years that MKO Abiola was the winner of the June 12, 1993 presidential election and you waited for 32 years, after social strife, a near civil war, death of thousands of fellow citizens, destruction of careers, social polarisation and – tellingly – the death of the goggled one you fingered?
Now who is going to defend Afajápemó (he who owns dogs that hunt down rabbits for him)?
I believe in forgiveness. But a penitent person at confession shouldn’t be dribbling the priest. If a sinner says, “It was my hand, not me, that slapped the complainant”, who shall we hold responsible? Can forgiveness be possible or efficacious unless the compunction is heartfelt?
And in this case, what is the equivalent of restitution? Resurrection of the president-elect whose mandate was embezzled by a few gangsters? Saying sorry to the Abiola family and the relatives of Gen. Yar’Adua, Chief Alfred Rewane, Alhaja Suliat Adedeji, Bagauda Kaltho and thousands of others sent to their untimely graves between 1993 and 1998? Repairing, through some social alchemy, the bridges of ethnic amity destroyed by the whole saga? Recall of military officers who lost their commission because they chose to stand by the truth?
I confess that I do not have the answers. Perhaps, this poet does:
Grab a plate and throw it on the floor.
Okay, done!!
Did it break?
Yes it did.
Now say sorry to it.
Sorry!
Did it go back to how it was before?
Sometimes, sorry can’t fix everything.
Some broken lives cannot be the same again.
Broken Lives
And, thanks to the unnamed compatriot who Nigerianised the verse after Babangida launched his much-awaited book, “A Journey In Service” (thanks for sharing, Prof. Akin Onigbinde).
The lives you tore with your blatant lies, wrong accusations, negative criticisms and Gossips of hatred for no just reason might not be the same again.
Mind how you treat people.
The Life you didn’t Create.
Don’t be the one to destroy it.
…Apologies alone, and then a haulage of over N30 billion to Minna?
For a Library of Infamy?
How fair? How just?
Indeed, all animals are not equal. In normal life, a capo doesn’t return to the crime scene to hug the klieg lights and rake in billions of naira. If you’re not in their exclusive club, don’t delude yourself. Lesson: Some men are above the law. Sad. But true. Onlookers can only throw bricks or flowers.
Human rights lawyer Dele Farotimi, in a lamentation titled, “MKO on my mind” published on his X handle reacted thus:
“To die for a people devoid of memory, is to be killed over and over, again and again. In a place inhabited by the conscious, IBB would not dare to show his face in public. But in the crime scene that doubles as our country, having been succeeded by even more villainous ruiners, Badamasi is installed in the seat of the statesman.”
Peaceful repose to Abiola, his wife Kudirat and all those who were cut down during the June 12 struggle. It is because of their collective sacrifices that the rest of us are still able to face the challenges of nation building together today. But let no one urinate on their graves.
Pa Edwin Clark Exits
It was as if the two most vocal grand old men of Nigerian politics conspired to take their departure flights to eternity within the same week. The death of Pa Edwin Clark shortly after that of his bosom friend and fellow political gladiator, Pa Ayo Adebanjo, sent shock waves round the country. If the Lord had tarried awhile, Clark would have clocked 100 years on May 25, 2027.
Clark devoted his life to the struggle of the people of the Niger Delta and the cause of his Ijaw ethnic nationality. Although he fiercely manned his corner and disparaged all those milking his native land at the expense of the environment, he was at heart a pan-Nigerian nationalist. His political consciousness had been sharpened in the 50s when he joined the Zikist movement and built a persona etched in solid courage.
If Chief Clark had not existed, the dehumanising situation in the Niger Delta would have invented him because his people were in a dire need of his kind of leadership when he showed up combining his skill as a lawyer with his experiences as a civil servant and local activist.
He always believed that he was a child of destiny: “I remember that after primary education, I wanted to go to Government College Ughelli as far back as 1945. When I went for the interview, I was told that I was too old and was advised to go to the Government Teachers Training College, Abraka. When I got there, they said I was too young!”
But the three Clark brothers made a success of their different callings — one as a civil servant, later permanent secretary and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Another became a world famous professor of English while he, a lawyer, went on to serve as a state commissioner and later as a federal minister.
With the demise of Chief Clark, the challenge ahead of the people of the Niger Delta region is how to replace the trusted warhorse with another accomplished activist who would take the struggle of his people as his life’s work. The fact that Clark’s life will always be used as the benchmark of leadership will not make finding his replacement any easier.
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Federal Government’s 2025 budget continued its fascinating journey last week. On 18th February, the National Assembly rescinded the budget that it had passed just five days earlier but was yet to be transmitted for presidential assent. It was a minor adjustment. To correct ‘some errors’, the legislators simply (and swiftly) re-assigned N500 billion from capital expenditure to recurrent expenditure. The other broad categories remain the same, and the size of the budget stays at N54.99 trillion, they said.
The adjustment is historic nonetheless. A rescinded budget has not been part of our lexicon in more than 25 years of this republic. So, this is another milestone recorded by the 2025 budget in its storied journey. A clean copy of the budget has not been sighted, and the approved appropriation bill is yet to be signed by the president. My sense is that we may not have seen the last of the twists and turns of this peculiar budget.
After my last week intervention on the 2025 budget process, someone sent me a copy of the House of Representatives’ supplementary order paper which contains the highlights of the approved budget. The 15-page document provides answers to a few of the questions that I posed last week. But most of the puzzles remain. Maybe the full budget (which typically runs into more than 2000 pages) will provide further illumination. However, the highlights throw up fresh questions of their own.
Let’s start with where some clarity has been provided. I had wondered how the legislators managed to reduce the provision for debt service to N14.32 trillion from N16.33 trillion initially proposed by the executive. As shown in the order paper, the legislators approved N7.19 trillion for domestic debt, N6.75 trillion for foreign debt and N377.30 billion for the sinking fund, whereas the president had proposed N8.20 trillion for domestic debt, N7.69 trillion for foreign debt and N430.27 billion for the sinking fund. A comparison of the two sets of figures shows how the legislators were able to reduce debt service by N2 trillion. But it is still not clear if they did this unilaterally or in consultation with the executive. Also, there is still the need to understand the basis of such a significant reduction, and if this will have immediate or future repercussions or not. Are we pushing some due obligations down the line or was the initial debt service estimate bloated?
I had also asked how the legislators were able to prune statutory transfers to N3.65 trillion from the N4.44 trillion proposed by the president. Statutory transfers are meant to be somewhat protected—some of them are fixed percentages of certain revenue handles. The order paper shows that the legislators increased and reduced some of the proposed sums under statutory transfers and are still able to slash almost N800 billion or about 18% off the original proposal. In a way, this is the surgical approach that the legislators should be taking to appropriation. But cutting the fat is not an occupation they fancy much.
The National Assembly did not increase or reduce its own statutory transfer of N344.85 billion. Or so it appears. But there is a N170 billion under capital supplementation for service wide vote for the National Assembly. So, there is about a 50% increase in the budget of the National Assembly without an obvious increase. You have to go several rows down to see where it is neatly nestled. By the way, this service wide vote was not part of the original proposal by the president. A legitimate question is how come legislators now need service wide votes? All expenditures by the National Assembly should be handled from its statutory transfer, except for some key capital projects that fall within the remit of the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA).
It is noteworthy that the legislators kept untouched the statutory transfers to the Basic Health Care Provision Fund (N298 billion), the National Human Rights Commission (N8 billion) and the Public Complaints Commission (N14 billion). That is good. But they reduced the statutory transfers for NASENI from N298 billion to N248 billion and for UBEC from N596 billion to N496 billion. However, they increased the transfers to National Judicial Council from N341 billion to N521 billion and for INEC from N40 billion to N140 billion. I am sure they have good explanations for these adjustments, but it will be good to know the basis of their decisions, including alignment with statutory percentages of certain revenue handles.
The most interesting part, for me, is that they took a scalpel to the statutory transfers for all the zonal development commissions. They did the reduction in this order: Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) from N776.53 billion to N626.53 billion; North East Development Commission (NEDC) from N290.99 billion to N240.99 billion; North West Development Commission (NWDC) from N585.93 billion to N145.61 billion; the South West Development Commission (SWDC) from N498.40 billion to N140 billion; and the South East Development Commission from N341.27 billion to N140 billion. Equal opportunity reduction, in a sense, though it will be good to know if the reductions are in alignment with expected fall in the attached revenues.
But it gets more interesting. The legislators allocated statutory transfers to two development commissions that were not in the original proposal by the executive. This brings to seven the number of zonal development commissions provided for in the 2025 budget. The North Central Development Commission (NCDC) and the South South Development Commission (SSDC) got N140 billion apiece.
Please note that the NCDC bill was signed into law by President Bola Tinubu on 4th February 2025. The president presented the budget proposal on 18th December 2024, which rightly had no provision for NCDC. The president sent a letter to the National Assembly on 5th February 2025, where he proposed additional revenue and expenditure of N4.53 trillion. This was a day after he signed the NCDC bill. It is doubtful that he included NCDC in the breakdown. It is possible NCDC was included in that list or it is possible that the legislators exercised their initiative or in consultation with the executive. In any case, this will be another record: a commission receiving budgetary allocation barely a week after the signing of its bill.
But that is not as record-breaking as the case of the SSDC. It is not clear how the SSDC is significantly different from NDDC (apart from that its coverage will be strictly for the South South zone, and not for all oil producing states, as NDDC covers Abia, Imo and Ondo that are from other zones). But that is not the point. As at today, SSDC is not a legal entity. The SSDC bill has not been signed into law. I think I understand the political consideration at play: development commissions have become the latest ploy for sharing the rapidly shrinking nation cake. So, everyone wants their slice of the cake before we get to the last crumb.
But it is quite odd that the National Assembly will make appropriation for an entity that does not exist in law yet. Is this anticipatory appropriation and is it allowed and what is the danger inherent in taking this kind of liberty? A neater approach would have been for the executive to be encouraged to bring a supplementary budget after the SSDC bill is signed into law. We are normalising many abnormalities, from the executive undertaking major projects without appropriation and with no questions asked by those with the powers of the purse to the legislators themselves making appropriation for an entity whose existence is not yet legally consummated. The persistent mockery being made of the budget process is simply astounding.
Another odd entry revealed in the order paper is the provision of N400 billion for light rail projects in four states: N150 billion to Kano State; N100 billion to Kaduna State; N100 billion to Ogun State; and N50 billion to Lagos State. Light rails are within cities and are thus state projects. There are strategically important federal rail lines crying for modernisation and expansion. Those should be the priority and the focus of the Federal Government. Yes, an argument can be made for the need for FG to support the development of critical infrastructure in key states, and this can include urban rail projects. But this should start with a clear and well-articulated policy framework that provides the rationale, the format, the eligibility criteria and the process for such an intervention.
Such a major policy decision should not just show up in the budget. For now, the allocation for light rail appears like a political settlement scheme or a belated attempt at regional balancing. They were not in the initial budget proposal by the president. Most likely, the Federal Government decided to support light rail in four states after the hoopla generated by the N146.14 billion included in the proposed budget of the Ministry of Transport as the counterpart funding by MOFI to the Lagos Greenline Metro Rail project.
But even the attempt at balancing falls flat. There is no prior document that articulates why the Federal Government can provide such a support, the criteria for selecting qualifying states, how states can apply to be considered, and if this will go round all the states or just a number of states per zone. On account of the haphazard approach, the discussion, even in the parliament, has moved from the propriety of a federal ministry providing funding to a state project to the slippery slope of deliberate neglect/marginalisation of certain zones by the Federal Government. This is unfortunate and could have been avoided if this had been more thoughtfully considered.
There are few other things peeking out. Even after the legislators rescinded the 2025 budget on Tuesday, capital expenditure still has the highest allocation. The N23.44 trillion allocated to capital is 42.63% of the budget. This is not just the highest amount but the highest percentage of the budget allocated to capital expenditure since 1999. Ordinarily, this should be celebrated, but certain things do not add up. There appears to be a deliberate attempt to big up the capital component of the budget. There are many items under capital supplementation that it will take a real stretch to capture as capital, except you are using the loose definition of working capital.
Some of these items include allocations to student loan scheme, consumer credit fund, refund to TETFUND, transfer to HYPPADEC (another development commission), national poverty reduction with growth strategy etc. It is noteworthy that capital supplementation (a recent and growing category in our budgets) got a 131% boost. The president proposed a total of N3.18 trillion as capital supplementation when he laid the budget before the parliamentarians on 18th December 2024 and the legislators approved N6.37 trillion for the same category on 13th February 2025. There are many items under capital that should invite greater scrutiny but which the legislators left untouched, including allocations to a hospital for NIA (N238.05 billion), for a building for FIRS (N50 billion) and for the take-off grant of a school of governance at NIPSS (N887.75 million).
Then, there is the issue of budget deficit. The math here is simply not ‘math-ing,’ as the younger ones say. The president mentioned a deficit of N13.08 trillion in his budget speech. The proposed budget on the website of the Budget Office of the Federation puts the budget deficit and the aggregate financing items at N13.39 trillion. The order paper containing the highlights of the approved budget maintains the deficit and the aggregate financing items at N13.39 trillion. But the National Assembly publicly announced a budget deficit of N13.08 trillion.
Apart from two different amounts featuring for the same items in different documents/pronouncements, I suspect the deficit is understated. And here, I am not talking of the eventual deficit in case ambitious revenue projection underperforms. The total revenue that can be publicly identified amounts to N40.88 trillion (the N36.35 trillion in the proposed budget—which included revenue of GOEs— and the N4.53 trillion additional revenue, which I am yet to see in the highlights in the order paper). If the total expenditure is N54.99 trillion and the total revenue is N40.88 trillion, then the deficit should be N14.11 trillion. So, there is a N1.03 trillion hanging somewhere. It is possible the full budget will clear the air, or this may be another error to be corrected or rescinded.
But the really intriguing part is that the National Assembly stated categorically (even when it doesn’t have to) that the N13.08 trillion deficit represents 1.52% of GDP. This contradicts the position in President Tinubu’s speech when he presented the budget proposal. “A total of N13.08 trillion, or 3.89% of GDP, will make up the budget deficit,” the president said on 18th December 2025. It is important to underscore that the president and the parliament are keeping to the same amount as the budget deficit for 2025: N13.08 trillion. So, it is still a mystery how the National Assembly arrived at a deficit-to-GDP of 1.52% but the president put the same at 3.89% of GDP.
As I stated last week, N13.08 trillion can only be 1.52% of GDP if Nigeria’s GDP has grown to N860 trillion. This will be a major leap, even with rebasing. The last full-year GDP figure published by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) is for 2023, and Nigeria’s nominal GDP was N234 trillion. In its October 2024 World Economic Outlook Database, IMF estimates Nigeria’s nominal GDP as N302 trillion in 2024 and as N351 trillion for 2025. If we use IMF’s estimate for 2025, our deficit-to-GDP will be 3.73%. So, it will be good to know where and how the National Assembly derived deficit-to-GDP at 1.52%, which it trumpeted as being within acceptable limit (a major claim, as the Fiscal Responsibility Act, 2007 stipulates 3% as the cap for Deficit-to-GDP).
If the legislators have been briefed by NBS on the rebased GDP, it is important to question the propriety and the haste by legislators to use data not yet publicly released by the national statistical agency. If the problem is that they mixed up their numbers, we have cause to worry about what else they are mixing up. But it seems to me they know what they are doing: there are games within a game going on here. Such indiscretions and political games chip away the credibility of official data. And that is such a terrible thing.
Even after three decades of his untidy retreat to his Minna hometown, Babangida never forget the ‘public’ debts he owed to Nigerians. He owed Nigerian history an expose on his turbulent leadership . He owed the Nigerian populace an insight into his personal enigma and enduring charisma. He also owed us a personal perspective on the worrisome things that happened under his watch. Above all things, Babangida owed a personal recompense and reconciliation with Nigeria on the political headache of the June 12 1983 elections.
Through the public outing of his long awaited memoir-A Journey in Service-Babangida has settled nearly all his outstanding liabilities to his fellow citizens. In addition to previously unknown details of ‘what happened’ , he has finally come to a personal resolution of and reconciliation with the outcome of the contentious June 12 election. Abiola won. His election was annulled by Abacha’s hidden hands of limitless power ambition. Nigeria survived. Above all, he (IBB) has survived into ripening old age to look back and tell the story himself. Professional trouble makers and history manglers have been deprived of an opportunity to end the Babangida story in malignant tales.
Three decades is long enough time for a man to exhale after leading a sweltering marathon in Nigeria’s turbulent power waters. It is time enough for actors and spectators to have calmed down and taken a respite . Anger would have turned into resignation. Vengeful partisans would have handed the entire matter over to God in a nation where the divine has the final say in all matters political .
The man of power himself should have reflected on the roads he couldn’t travel and the paths that he and even the angels dreaded to try.
Babangida led us through troubling times and a treacherous landscape of existential problems. The times were hard and the options daunting in every direction. Our treasury was nearly empty as almost all leaders had turned dealers and fled with our common treasure. Our economic dance had no name. Nor could we look money lenders in the face and say: ‘please help a prodigal nation.’
We resolved by public acclaim after nationwide debates to retreat inwards in search of homegrown solutions. Harrowing reform was the name of the only option left. IBB showed us a new path, a hard road never before traveled. A free market economy of citizens chained under martial rule! Capitalism without capital and without freedom , rebuilding an economy under a retreating state and a frightened citizenry,
Babangida has spent three decades and more as one of us. He has watched history roll along. He may have lived through his errors and watched others ride the waves of his triumphs. His ultimate nemesis, Buhari , has come and gone, renaming his major pitfall- June 12- into a historical milestone of political advantage. The nation has learnt new names, new dance steps under new leaders. Wobbly as it is, Nigeria has survived as a democracy.
Despite the passage of time, however, something about Babangida has remained constant. His personal allure, the instant electricity of his name, the countless myths about the kind, gentle and smiling general at once capable of incredible compassion and unequaled humanity but readily credited with unthinkable atrocities. The Machiavellian Prince that left the throne but still elicits love but also compels chilling fear.
Above all, Babangida’s personal attraction and a certain public acknowledgment of his political genius has remained in tact. Politicians seeking national acknowledgment seek him. Those wanting to command access to power levers look for him. Those seeking recognition as political notables pay him homage. Those in want of the magic of political wisdom have made pilgrimage to his Minna home.
His Minna retirement home has remained something of a favourite destination for political pilgrims. Younger political gladiators in search of relevance, older political animals seeking to test their own relevance, regional leaders seeking a national acclaim and audience have gone to seek his blessing. He has remained something of a political oracle and universal counselor.
IBB’S tenure and time with us have remained alive for these years. People did not give up hoping for the story of those days from the man himself. The reasons behind the persistence of demands for a Babangida memoir are many.
The questions that have lingered are mostly about matters unusual that happened in the Babangida days : abnormal ways of dying; difficult ways of surviving and living; coups and runouts of coups and counter coups; impossible rules of governance. And yet, the man at the center of it all was constant, smiling, infinitely humane but stern as the professional warrior he was trained to be.
Rulership under him etched new rules and explored unfamiliar paths. It became a dance, a drama of hard choices: a man in full military gear that insisted strangely on being called ‘president’ without resigning his military commission; the msn who in the storm of the Cold War insisted that Nigeria should go: ‘a little to the right and a little to the left’, a man who enabled elected governors to rule under a martial president; a military ruler who allowed an elected legislature to thrive under ultimate garrison decrees. A master of multiple speak and the wisdom of Delphic ancestry: ‘ we do not know those who will succeed us but we know those who will NOT succeed us’!
The public outing of Babangida’s memoirs – A Journey in Service- is deserving of the national splash we have seen. Everything about IBB is news, sensation and headline. This is for good reason. In the growing pantheon of our former leaders, Babangida elicits the greatest anxiety and much deserved excitement . No memoir of a former leader has been and is likely to be so long awaited.
Why the anxious wait? The man’s actions in power deserve no less. He was an original author of the impossible. An army general who seized power, suspended the constitution but insists on being called President and genuinely in love with presidential democracy. A practicing Moslem who insisted that the ideal Nigerian family size should be a couple with four children. A dictator who ruled by decrees but committed himself to a rigorous democratic reform process. To rule by decree and allow elected local governments, state governors and an elected National Assembly.
The Babangida memoir is therefore a comprehensive answer to many lingering national questions but rendered as a string of varied personal stories of an individual life turned into national history
There are multiple stories in this master tale. The primary personal narrative is about his early life. It is story of a young lad who was orphaned at 14 and for whom school was a surrogate home. It is the story of proceeding to high school in Bida where he became classmates with people with whom his later life and career became intertwined. Gado Nasko, Sani Bello, Sani Sami, Mamman Vatsa, Mohammed Magoro , Garba Duba and others. It is the story of a boy who was good in sports and also had obvious natural leadership qualities. He was greeted by the envy of some peers and the obedience of many mates. These lives became more intertwined as most of these young boys later opted for careers in the military. They were inspired by among others young Capt Yakubu Gowon. They went ahead to head different areas of Nigeria’s military establishment.
The other story is that of his career path in the military, his involvement in the series of military coups that altered the history and course of the nation. His instinct for coups was so ingrained that many observers have said that his ultimate exit from power in 1983 was perhaps a self-inflicted coup .
The major tragic chapter of the IBB story is his combat experience in the civil war. His battlefield injury in
Uzuakoli and subsequent recovery ended in A decision to get married. Easily the most touching aspect of his war story is the breach with colleagues who fought on the Biafran side.
There are sub stories in this narrative that raise the temperature of the story to near tragic catastrophic dimensions. His bare handed encounter to disarm Col. Dimka after the assassination of Murtala Muhammed. There was also his narrow escape and survival following the Orkar coup. These aspects of the IBB story come close to fictional suspense crime stories.
The major story of public interest is Babangida and the drama of power incumbency. In this crucial part, the many unanswered questions come into view. he touching accounts of the death of Dele Giwa, the trial and execution of Mamman Vatsa, the dreadful night of the Orkar coup and the unfortunate crash of the military C-130 aircraft all come together as instances of the bad things that could happen in a season of power.
Babangida renders his account with the consummate ease of a master story teller. The difficult accounts of state action and the unattractive business of policy are made to be readable. He animates the landscape of the story with anecdotes and recollections of the human angle of difficult national decisions. In this memoir, there is hardly any name calling, hardly any contentious arguments. The audience is drawn into serious national issues by the allure of a very human story.
In the end, A Journey in Service becomes a shared experience between a national audience and the author as a heroic figure in a national experience of epic proportions.
As soon as I laid my hands on Gen Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida’s autobiography, ‘A Journey in Service’, there were only two things I was eager to read: the June 12 annulment story and the murder of Dele Giwa, one of the finest journalists out of Nigeria. There were many landmarks that defined the IBB era — he was military president from 1985 to 1993, during which a lot of good, bad and ugly things happened in the economy and polity — but the June 12 annulment and Giwa’s murder were life-defining topics he had never spoken frankly and extensively about, so you can appreciate my curiosity. Within minutes, I had flipped to the relevant pages and devoured them.
Long before Babangida’s version of history, I had a fairly formed narrative on June 12. Some pieces were based on what I read in newspapers and magazines after the presidential election was annulled in 1993 — a mishap that led to a devastating political crisis lasting for five years, worsened under the jackboots of Gen Sani Abacha and his henchmen. Strikes, fuel shortages, riots and economic paralysis stifled the nation. The bloodshed was chilling. As a living witness, I do not wish that we experience anything like that again. It was utterly horrible. It aggravated ethnic and regional tensions, pushed us to the precipice and injured our nation-building trajectory. Nigeria practically came to a standstill.
My initial theory around June 12 was that IBB did not want to leave power. Having overthrown Gen Muhammadu Buhari in August 1985, he had styled himself as “president”, departing from the title of “head of state” that previous military rulers used. The suspicion then was that he wanted to transmute to a civilian president, so he knew what he was doing. As he continued to juggle the transition programme, banning and unbanning politicians and creating political parties that were like government agencies, the suspicion grew stronger that he was working to an answer. When he annulled the presidential primaries in 1992, everything pointed in one direction: “hidden agenda”.
The annulment of an otherwise peaceful and credible June 12 election in 1993 was the final confirmation, for me, that Babangida had a sinister plan up his sleeve. Events preceding the election appeared to have been orchestrated to keep him in power. There were the religious riots and tensions up north. The sentencing of Gen Zamani Lekwot and 15 other Christians from Kaduna state to death for their alleged roles in the Zangon Kataf religious crisis of March 1992 was interpreted as an engineering of political instability to create the perfect excuse to hang on to power. Nigerians also faced a crippling fuel crisis, so I believed we were being deliberately frustrated and weakened.
Ironically, I was not a fan of Bashorun MKO Abiola. As someone who was brought up by a grandmother who had been a staunch supporter of Chief Obafemi Awolowo from the 1950s, I was conditioned to see Abiola as a traitor for not being in the same party with the sage in the second republic. Also, I was a lover of Fela’s music, so I had internalised his “International Thief Thief (ITT)” song against Abiola. To worsen matters, Abiola picked a fellow Muslim as his running mate. For me, a Muslim/Muslim ticket was a no-no. I was not into religionism; rather, I always favour balancing in a diverse society. By default, I started supporting Alhaji Bashir Tofa, who had a Christian running mate.
But my mindset was demolished days to the election when I got into a debate with a Muslim friend who asked me how, on God’s green earth, I would prefer Tofa to Abiola in terms of capacity and competence after watching the presidential debate, particularly with the unearthing of an old article by Tofa calling Christians “infidels”. I looked stupid and petty. I regained my senses, perished my misgivings about the Muslim/Muslim ticket, and began to root for Abiola. Alas, I could not vote because I was registered in Lagos while I was undergoing my youth service in Ogbomoso, Oyo state. On election day, I was in Ilorin, Kwara state, chilling with my cousins. We were all rooting for Abiola.
When the election was annulled, another theory started making the round that the north did not want a southerner as president, and this further exacerbated ethnic tensions. For a long time, I believed the theory — propagated mostly by Yoruba leaders — until I sat down to look at the results again, state by state. I realised Abiola won in nine of the 16 northern states at the time. Mind you, Abiola won in core northern states such as Kano (Tofa’s home base), Jigawa, Borno, Yobe and Kaduna, and got significant chunks in Kebbi, Katsina, Niger and Bauchi. So, how could any reasonable person conclude that the north did not want a southerner? I thereafter terminated that line of reasoning.
When I listened to some principal actors years later, I slightly modified my position by concluding that the military did not want to let go of power — even if Babangida himself was, by chance, sincere about the transition. But I kept asking: why did he not retire Abacha when he was stepping aside in 1993? Was it not part of an overall scheme to compensate Abacha for foiling the Orkar coup of 1990 and saving him? Abacha’s stature in the military had grown exponentially after he helped foil the Orkar coup and thereafter gave a national broadcast. IBB owed him one. Leaving him behind was to allow him to topple the interim government and do his own turn as head of state, I reasoned.
Many of the actors have since given their accounts, most of which still left me asking more questions. I earnestly yearned for IBB, the chief actor himself, to tell his own version. Thankfully, he has finally published his autobiography — three decades after the nation-crippling crisis. He admitted that Chief Arthur Nzeribe, convener of the Association to Better Nigeria (ABN) which secured the court order to stop the election, was well known to him. However, he said he did not support the group which was campaigning for an extension of military rule by four years. He said he was surprised when the injunction was issued despite a decree ousting the jurisdiction of the courts in election matters.
That injunction was issued by Justice Bassey Ikpeme of the federal high court, Abuja, two days to the election. You see, our judiciary has always been a problem. It did not start today. But another high court in Lagos ruled that the election should go on. The intriguing fact here is that Ikpeme, who was a new judge, had previously worked in the law chambers of Mr Clement Akpamgbo, Babangida’s attorney-general and minister of justice. IBB said he was surprised when Akpamgbo insisted at an emergency security council meeting that Ikpeme’s order should be obeyed. Abacha, Lt-Gen Joshua Dogonyaro and some service chiefs also supported Akpamgbo’s position, according to Babangida.
Prof Humphrey Nwosu, then chairman of the National Electoral Commission (NEC), insisted he had enough powers to go ahead with the election, Babangida said. He was supported by Lt-Gen Salihu Ibrahim, then chief of army staff. Babangida said he gave Nwosu the go-ahead to conduct the election, which he has finally admitted was free and fair. But he said he was in Katsina on a condolence visit to the Yar’Aduas on June 23 when he heard, like other Nigerians, that the election had been annulled. He said he was told that another judge, Justice Dahiru Saleh, had issued an injunction annulling the election. But Babangida completely in the dark? Sorry, I don’t believe that.
“A report filtered to me that the June 12 elections had been annulled,” Babangida wrote. “Even more bizarre was the extent of the annulment because it terminated all court proceedings regarding the June 12 elections, repealed all the decrees governing the Transition and even suspended NEC! Equally weird was the shabby way the statement was couched and made. Admiral Aikhomu’s press secretary, Nduka Irabor, had read out a terse, poorly worded statement from a scrap of paper, which bore neither the presidential seal nor the official letterhead of the government, annulling the June 12 presidential elections.” But Babangida officially announced the annulment on TV the next day.
In his autobiography, Babangida blamed the annulment on fifth columnists, saying the forces were led by Abacha. He wrote: “I would later find out that the ‘forces’ led by General Sani Abacha annulled the elections. There and then, I knew I was caught between ‘a devil and the deep blue sea’!!” So why did he not retire Abacha when he decided to step aside in August 1993? IBB gave the impression that he was helpless as the military had been polarised and Abacha had an army of loyalists. He even hinted that Abacha’s faction was planning to overthrow and kill him. I recall IBB saying in 1993 that “I am not only in office, I am also in power”. It sounded strange and desperate to me then — and now.
Still, I will not dismiss the entirety of Babangida’s story. I recall that after Abacha became head of state, he retired the “IBB Boys”: Dogonyaro, Brig-Gens David Mark, Anthony Ukpo, John Shagaya, Halilu Akilu and Tunde Ogbeha, among others. There was an obvious friction. Dr Nowa Omoigui, the respected military historian who died in 2021, wrote extensively on the mutual caginess between IBB and Abacha after the Orkar coup. It is, however, instructive that IBB reportedly started referring to Abacha as “Khalifa” (“successor”) after the foiled coup. IBB later removed and retired Lt-Gen Domkat Bali as chairman, joint chiefs of staff, and replaced him with Abacha, who doubled as army chief.
Curiously, Babangida did not blame any living person in his entire annulment story. Some of those who took part in the annulment are still alive. There are too many missing persons in the picture. IBB only named dead military officers such as Abacha and Dogonyaro — who cannot defend themselves. Admiral Augustus Aikhomu, Babangida’s former second-in-command, is also not alive to tell us the story behind THAT statement issued by his media aide. Akpamgbo died in 2006. We can’t ask him why he supported the out-of-order injunction issued by his former employee. Meanwhile, why didn’t IBB fire Akpamgbo, a “bloody civilian”, for supporting the implementation of the illegal court orders?
Overall, I am unable to accept IBB’s fascinating but tenuous narrative that he was powerless. With this book, I have another theory: if indeed it was Abacha that engineered the annulment, IBB was clearly not opposed to it. Towards the end of his regime, Babangida might have become weakened among sections of the military hierarchy, but he knew he owed Abacha one and would not stand in the way of his ally’s ambition. In the final analysis, we remain entitled to our scepticism about IBB’s story — just as it is hard to accept his claim that Giwa was killed by fifth columnists to discredit his regime. No. It looked very much like an assassination typically and clinically executed by the state.
AND FOUR OTHER THINGS…
ADIEU CLARK, ADEBANJO
What are the odds that two accomplished elder statesmen of similar persuasion would die at an identical age one day after the other? That is weird. Chief Ayo Adebanjo, 96, and Chief Edwin Clark, 97, both died last week having lived highly fulfilled lives. Both fought vigorously for their beliefs — which were mostly regional — and robustly spoke their minds fearlessly for decades. Ironically, Adebanjo, unlike Clark, was a politician who never held any public office. Clark was a commissioner and senator. Years ago, Adebanjo and I used to talk regularly but our views on national issues hardly aligned. Nonetheless, I had nothing but utmost respect for him and his comrade, Clark. Legends.
WILD, WILD LAGOS
Talking about politicians not wanting democracy to work, I am appalled by the unending drama in the Lagos house of assembly. Rt Hon Mudashiru Obasa was removed as speaker on January 13, 2025 and replaced with Rt Hon Mojisola Meranda, but he has refused to accept that the party is over. He has declared his removal (after almost 10 years in office) as illegal. One thing he has not done so far is to point to the section of the law that makes his removal unlawful. He can approach a court of law to assert his rights. The heating up of the polity is totally unnecessary and I hope the combatants will soon come to their senses. Obasa will not be the first speaker to be removed in Africa. Irritating.
ROYAL MESS
When we were kids, we used to sing songs about not crowning a thief as king and not appointing liars as chiefs. We all seem to agree today that our values have depreciated. Increasingly in Yoruba land, you are more likely to be made a king if you are a fraudster or a hardened criminal. Oba Joseph Oloyede, a monarch in Osun state, had not been seen for nearly a year until it was reported that the FBI had arrested him for alleged conspiracy, wire fraud, and money laundering. That aside, whoever wrote these lines in Sahara Reporters deserves an award and a pay rise: “Joseph Oloyede, the Apetu of Ipetumodu, who was reported missing in March 2024, has been found in FBI custody.” Amazing.
NO COMMENT
Senator Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan (PDP) caused a stir last week when she vehemently rejected the new seating position allocated to her in the red chamber. She lashed out at Senate President Godswill Akpabio, defying the gavel — contrary to parliamentary practices. Akpabio was once in that position, ironically, and reacted the same way. In a radio interview, Akpoti-Uduaghan said she was fighting because of the klieg lights: “Changing my seat was just a chance of silencing or alienating me from being seen. Sitting position is important. The nearer you sit positions you near the camera and gives you an added advantage to be called upon to contribute to debates,” she said. Wonderful.
A man cancels a free and fair election. When crisis ensues, he panics and steps aside, foisting a one-legged contraption on the country. Soon, his co-conspirators are fed up with the pretence. They sweep away the props and seize power. And a plague feasts on the nation
A man cancels the freest and fairest election his county has seen. He knows the consequences will be calamitous. He cancels it and allows his country to slide into the most brutal dictatorship it has ever known. The brute is his best friend. All who stand stubbornly in the way are mowed down and buried. Kudirat. Rewane. Onagoruwa Jr. Etc. Some escape the bullets and live with fractured minds. Ibru, Adesanya etc. Those who are fearful of dying or of the opposition being decapitated run into exile to live like refugees. The country is treated as a leper for seven whole years.
A man anulls a credible election and puts his country on the precipice. Riots break out. Poor folks run back to their villages. The land convulses. A strike squad is formed. Mustapha and Omenka settle on the country. Press freedom flees. Journalists become pet dogs; otherwise, they become bushmeat. People are thrown into dungeons for wincing. Death squads roam while torture squads sit in the basements, bending minds.
A man cancels free and fair elections. His friends seize the government and throw the winner of the election into a dungeon. His sin is that he refused to forsake his mandate. They keep him there. The world cries for his freedom. Mandela curses the oppressors. Traditional rulers go to bow and lick the feet of the junta. They keep the winner of the election in the dungeon till he dies. Till he dies.
Before Judas sold Jesus he was the treasurer of the ministry. He was part of the good works of that cohort. He was stealing from the purse but perhaps not enough to cripple the group. On the outside, he was chief amongst the miracle workers whom Jesus led. After Judas sold Jesus, no one said Judas bought food for me when I was hungry. Or Judas helped my wife to slaughter a goat. Or Judas introduced innovations into treasury management. Judas had committed a destiny-defining crime. His only reward would be infinite opprobrium. No caveats. Demons understood the conclusive enormity of his greed and treachery and besieged him. Judas didn’t seek a gathering to tender vacuous apologies or build a library.
Despite fates like Judas’ every man deserves a second chance. Man is fallible. Nobody is a saint. And time wipes away the pain of transgressions. We are enjoined to forgive. But as a country, we must keep records. Grant amnesties but keep records. Grant amnesties but don’t become amnesic. We can understand Authrur Eze. But Tinubu now says he owes it all to the man who annulled June 12. Dangote says the man who annulled June 12 and destroyed the Abioola mandate is the father of the private sector. Some state governors might say without him, they would have had no states to govern. The gods must be amused.
We have become incurable worshipers of our leaders. At every major gathering, one former Nigerian leader will be eulogised. He will be called a great man
Because these gatherings aren’t infrequent, all former leaders have been extolled to high heavens
So Balewa, Zik and Awo were all great. Gowon and Murtala were great. Obasanjo was wonderful
Shagari was fabulous. He died poor. IBB is now outstanding. Abacha, they also say was great and humane. Obasanjo, during his second coming, was a messiah. Yar’adua was marvellous. Jonathan was fantastic. Buhari, the incorruptible, was impeccable. Now Tinubu is loved more than hot Agege bread by many.
So why exactly is Nigeria poor? Why have our contemporaries like Indonesia and Singapore left us being? We have given our past leaders the highest honours. But our best youths fleeing the country. The names of our leaders hang on national monuments and we bow before them. But we have become bankrupt in China. We have abundant natural resources. We have overflowing human capital. So why are we the poverty capital of the world? We live by the river, but we wash our hands with spittle.
Babangida and his friend Abacha ruled for a combined 13 years. Gowon ruled for 9 years. Obasanjo did 11 years. Buhari did about 10. We celebrate these people every day. We call them heroes. We can excuse Obasanjo who transitioned to civil democratic rule and returned to pay off our debts. But how can this country gather to celebrate Babangida, who cancelled a credible election and triggered a chain reaction that led to the death of many people and the looting of the national treasury? We agree we have been decimated by chronic bad leadership yet we venerate all our leaders.
If the aim of a presidential library is partly to Immortalize a president and document history, then a library for Babangida will only serve to immortalize the perfidy he committed. Babangida should have let sleeping dogs lie. He is a Maradona. He ought to know not to stir the hornet’s nest. Sitting and watching some of victims , one after the other, to shower him with encomium, in that dubious sanctification ritual called a book launch, might be his ultimate step over, but hasn’t he roused some sleeping dogs?
I love books. I think memoirs by our past leaders, especially if confessional, will help the country. So Babangida could have quietly documented his memoir and released it without fanfare. In absolute penitence. Without the nauseating speeches. Without the donations. Without the grandiose dream of a presidential library. Without bruising sensibilities.
The question Nigerians must answer is this. Is it forgetfulness or folly? Who did this to us? Sorry, Mama Kudirat. Sorry.