The Attorney-General of Lagos State and the Commissioner for Justice, Mr Lawal Pedro, SAN, says the Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation Bill has been signed into law to prohibit illegal organ harvesting.

Pedro disclosed this on Thursday at the Ministry of Justice in Alausa, Ikeja, while briefing newsmen on the significance of the new law and other four new laws.

According to him, the state governor, Babajide Sanwo-Olu, signed the new laws to show commitment to the welfare, security and prosperity of every Lagosian.

The other four new laws include; Consumer Protection Law, Lagos Enforcement Training Institute Laws, Victims Assistance, Witness Protection Laws and Fire and Rescue Service Laws.

He said, “These laws are not just milestones in the state’s legislative journey; they demonstrate our unwavering commitment to ensuring that Lagos remains a beacon of progress, justice, and opportunity in Nigeria.

“As a government, our priorities have always been to address the immediate needs of our citizens, protect their rights, ensure their safety, health and prosperities.

“In this regard, the recently signed laws cover some critical areas of public welfare, human rights, safety, and environmental sustainability.

“These Laws have been thoughtfully designed to tackle some of the most pressing issues facing our state while paving the way for a more just, secure and prosperous future for all residents of Lagos.”

The attorney-general further explained that the Lagos Consumer Protection Agency Law signified a leap forward in enhancing consumer rights in the state.

According to him, as Lagos continues to be a hub of commerce, business and trade, it is imperative that the interests of  the residents are safeguarded.

He highlighted the Lagos Consumer Protection Agency Law as a major step forward in protecting residents.

“As Lagos continues to thrive as a hub of commerce and trade, it is crucial that the rights of our citizens are safeguarded.

“This law empowers consumers to hold businesses accountable and ensures strict enforcement of their rights.

“Violation of this law attracts the power to seal premises selling hazardous products and imposes fine of up to N5 million for violations.

“Offenders face penalties, including a custodial sentence of six months or N500,000 fine and subsequent offenders will receive stricter punishments, including fines of up to N750,000 and longer sentences,” he said.

Pedro also explained that the Human Organ Harvesting and Tissue Transplantation Law addressed illicit organ trade and unethical medical practices.

He said it was a groundbreaking framework to regulate organ harvesting and transplant in the state, adding that the law prohibits organ harvesting without proper authorisation and bans advertisements for the sale of human organs.

“This legislation protects individuals from exploitation and ensures medical procedures adhere to the highest ethical standards.

” Violators risk up to 10 years imprisonment or fine of up to N10 million,” Pedro said.

The commissioner for justice also explained the three other new laws and urged all residents to familiarise themselves with the laws and to actively engage in their enforcement.

NAN

A recent survey by SBM Intelligence alleges that the federal government’s proposed tax reforms fail to account for the unique characteristics of certain Nigerian regions.

The report, however, admits that the reforms aim to reduce the tax burden on citizens and improve the efficiency of tax collection, as outlined by Mr. Taiwo Oyedele, Chairman of the Presidential Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms Committee.

The survey, conducted across Nigeria’s geopolitical zones, reveals that failing to address regional issues could exacerbate existing economic disparities in the country, potentially requiring intervention by the Supreme Court or a constitutional amendment.

The report is part of the broader conversation about Nigeria’s current tax system and the proposed tax reform bills, which have sparked intense debate, especially from northern elites, particularly regarding the distribution of Value Added Tax (VAT) among Nigeria’s 36 states.

Much Ado About Tax 

• The report states that only five of the country’s 36 states—Anambra, Cross River, Lagos, Ogun, and Rivers—could fulfil their financial obligations if the federally distributed revenue pool did not exist.
• Based on this, the report notes that comparing how much VAT each state generates versus how much VAT revenue they receive at the end of each month has become a common and contentious issue.

“Between January and October 2024, Imo State received 1,715.9% of what it contributed to the VAT pool as its VAT allocation. Abia, Cross River, and Kebbi all received allocations above 700% of what they contributed. 

“Lagos and Rivers received the lowest allocations, receiving 16.76% and 22%, respectively. Lagos contributes around 55% of local VAT. 

“The proposed reforms, while aiming to reduce the tax burden on citizens and improve the efficiency of tax collection, fail to account for the uniqueness of certain regions. 

“In the northeast, states received 244.46% of their VAT contributions. The highest was Bauchi, which received 384.94% of its VAT contributions, and the lowest was Adamawa, which received 165.69% of its VAT contributions. This could exacerbate existing economic disparities,” it added. 

• The report further states that Nigeria’s VAT system remains a pivotal yet contentious aspect of the country’s fiscal framework and has often attracted litigation over the years.
• The report predicts that the Supreme Court may once again be called upon to intervene, particularly regarding the fiscal powers of the states and regions.

“The historical development of VAT, replacing the Sales Tax Decree of 1986, reflects the ongoing evolution of Nigeria’s tax system, driven by attempts to balance efficiency, equity, and state autonomy. 

“Legal precedents, such as the Supreme Court’s affirmation of VAT’s precedence over state sales and consumption taxes, underscore the complexities of aligning federal and state interests. 

“However, recent litigation from states like Rivers and Lagos highlights growing demands for greater control over the revenue generated within their territories and calls for a more equitable revenue-sharing formula. 

“Proposed tax reforms aim to address some of these issues by revising VAT rates and exemptions, simplifying tax structures, and increasing derivation-based allocations. 

“While these measures hold promise, the ultimate resolution of the VAT issue will likely require either a definitive Supreme Court ruling or a constitutional amendment to clarify the division of fiscal powers,” the report added. 

The report also highlighted that the VAT discourse sheds light on the persistent North-South divide in Nigeria’s fiscal and political landscape, reflecting broader disparities in economic activity and development.

The report advises that resolving these tensions will require careful negotiation and reforms that balance the principles of derivation, equity, and national cohesion, ensuring that the tax system fosters regional development and unity.

What you should know 

The tax reform bills have become controversial since their introduction, with different interests opposing various provisions.

• For instance, the Northern Governors Forum expressed opposition to the bill, urging legislators from the region to resist any legislation that undermines the interests of Northerners nationwide.
• Additionally, the National Economic Council (NEC), which comprises the 36 state governors and is chaired by the Vice President, called for the withdrawal of the bills to allow for proper consultations before proceeding to the National Assembly.
• However, President Tinubu disregarded the recommendations from both the Northern Governors Forum and the NEC, stating that the process is legislative and that inputs can be incorporated during public hearings.
• Meanwhile, the Nigerian Senate on December 4 suspended hearings on the bills until the new year, providing time for essential political engagements and negotiations to secure their passage.

[Nairametrics]

Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nyesom Wike, has vowed to continue demolishing properties in the nation’s capital despite pressure.

Wike has been criticised for embarking on widespread demolition of houses in Abuja.

A construction company, Paullosa Nigeria Limited, had recently raised the alarm over a demolition notice issued by the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA) to demolish its estate in the Lifecamp area of Abuja.

The General Manager of the Estate, Mr Vincent Enoghase, who spoke to journalists in Abuja on Tuesday, claimed the FCDA had demanded N10 million, for a Right of Occupancy, which it had paid but was yet to get receive before the issuance of the quit notice.

In a viral video on Wednesday, social media commentator, Vincent Martins Otse, popularly known as VeryDarkMan, alleged that the FCT Minister, had revoked the land titles to the Estate, and issued the same to a Saravera Nigeria Limited, and the Minority Leader and member of the House of Representatives representing Obio/Akpor Constituency, Kingsley Chinda.

VeryDarkMan called on security agencies to intervene, noting that the original owner of the land was the first cadet of the Nigerian Army who passed on four years ago.

The senate had set up a panel to probe the issue, while asking Wike to halt demolitions.

But speaking during the distribution of operational vehicles to security agencies at the FCTA secretariat on Thursday, Wike said the structures being demolished by the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA) are properties illegally built on government lands.

“Let me use this opportunity to tell Nigerians and residents of Abuja, we are not afraid of blackmail. In fact, you cannot be in this kind of position and say you cannot be blackmailed particularly as regards this Abuja. There are so many land grabbers. Some of us have come to put our feet down. Let heaven fall. It is even better that heaven comes down now so that we would not be fasting again to go to heaven.

“We would stop anybody who thinks they will take government land for whatever reason without formal approval. We would not look at your face. If you like be a civil rights activist or a television personality. No amount of blackmail can stop us. People take government property without approval or documentation.”

[DailyTrust]

Legal luminary, Aare Afe Babalola, SAN, has taken a step further in the expression of his anger against Lagos-based legal practitioner, Dele Farotimi over the alleged defamation of his character.

The elder statesman, through his law firm, has written a petition to the Legal Practitioners Disciplinary Committee, LPDC, asking that Farotimi’s name be removed from the roll of legal practitioners in Nigeria.

According to the petitioner, as Channels Television reported, Farotimi had allegedly violated certain provisions of the rules of professional conduct for lawyers.

A partner in Babalola’s law firm, Ola Faro, who was also mentioned in Farotimi’s book, “Nigeria and its criminal justice system,” signed the 90-page petition dated December 6, 2024.

The petition is titled “Petition against Tomilola Titus Farotimi also known as Dele Farotimi Esq, a Nigerian lawyer called to the Nigerian Bar with his name on the roll of legal practitioners kept by the Supreme Court for violation of extant rules of professional conduct for legal practitioners rules 1, 15(1), 15(2B), 15(3A), 15(3G), 15(3I), 15(3J),26(1), 27(1), 30, 31(1), (2) and (4) of the rules of professional conduct 2023 by bringing the entire judiciary in Nigeria into dispute with his unfounded allegations of corruption against eminent justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria, judges of High Court of Lagos State, Aare Afe babalola, SAN, Olu Daramola SAN, Ola Faro Esq., and the entire chambers of Aare Afe babalola & Co in his book titled ‘Nigeria and its Criminal Justice System.’

Faro said that the petition was written both in his personal capacity “and for and on behalf of the law firm of Afe Babalola & Co.”

He gave a background of the facts of the case and detailed the alleged contraventions of the rules of professional conduct by the respondent, Farotimi.

The petitioner highlighted that Farotimi “engaged in conduct which is unbecoming of a legal practitioner by making false accusations against the Supreme Court and the legal profession.”

The petitioners also stated that Farotimi “Participated in conduct that he believes to be unlawful by bribing judicial officers and having unlawful access to a judicial officer.

“Joined his clients in committing misconduct and breach of law with reference to judicial officers by having unlawful access to a judicial officer.

“Gave service to his client which he knows is capable of causing a breach of law and disrespect and corrupting a judicial officer.

“Knowingly made false statements of law and facts in respect to a case already decided by the Supreme Court.

“Assisted his clients in a conduct that he knows to be illegal and fraudulent.

“Knowingly engaged in illegal conduct in the cause of his practice as a legal practitioner.

“Treated his fellow lawyers without respect, fairness, consideration and dignity, allowing ill feeling between opposing clients to influence his conduct and demeanour by distorting the facts of a case in the cause of his practice as a legal practitioner.

“Failed to observe good faith and fairness in dealing with other lawyers in respect to a case already decided by the Supreme Court.

“Conducted himself in a manner that obstructed, delayed and adversely affected the administration of justice by taking steps to frustrate a decision of the Supreme Court for his personal benefit and benefit of his client who lost at the Supreme Court.

“Treated the court, particularly the Supreme Court without respect, dignity and honour by using uncouth, unprofessional, undignified and offensive language against the Supreme Court and the justices of the Supreme Court.

“Made defamatory statements against judicial officers rather than making a complaint to appropriate authorities.

“Indicated that he discussed a pending case with a judge trying the case in the absence of an opposing lawyer.”

The petitioners stated that “The contravention of these rules by the Respondent (Farotimi) prompted this petition to protect the dignity of the legal profession, the dignity of the court as the temple of justice and to uphold the standards of the legal profession.”

They also noted that some of the statements made in Farotimi’s book are likely to set the legal profession and society ablaze and that those statements were made to discredit the entire Nigerian judiciary, Justices of the Supreme Court, judges of the High Court of Lagos State, their law firm and to ridicule them within the legal profession and injure their hard-earned reputation and financial credit.

The Legal Practitioners Disciplinary Committee, LPDC, is the regulatory body that investigates and addresses misconduct among Nigerian lawyers.

The LPDC ensures that legal practitioners adhere to ethical standards and professional conduct.

DAILY POST reported that Farotimi was recently sent back to jail after the ruling on his bail application was adjourned till December 20, 2024.

The FCT High Court had also barred human rights lawyer from further publishing, selling, circulating, advertising or distributing the hard or soft copies of the controversial book.

 [DailyPost]

On December 6, Ukrainians commemorated the Armed Forces Day. It is an occasion used annually in honouring their “brave defenders who protect their homeland from Russian aggression.” I happened to be at the Ukrainian embassy that Friday where the Ambassador of Ukraine to Nigeria, Ivan Kholostenko, said the heroes being honoured “safeguard not only Ukraine but also the broader world.”

“On this day, we express our deepest gratitude to all those who defend the freedom and future of our country, ensuring peace and security for millions around the globe. The Embassy of Ukraine in Nigeria commemorates the heroes with an exhibition. Faces of men and women who risk everything for their homeland and peace around the globe are looking from the pictures of the exhibition,” Kholostenko said.

The most important element of the composition of the exhibition is the blue-yellow Ukrainian flag, which he said “bears the imprint of heroism and love for the motherland – the signatures of the heroes, soldiers of the 4th Battalion of the Slovozhansk Brigade of the National Guard of Ukraine, who defended Kharkiv from invaders.”

The national pride was palpable as he spoke. “The battle for Kharkiv became an example of heroism and self-sacrifice, when Ukrainian soldiers rebuffed the superior forces of aggressor, preventing them from turning the city into a monument of repression and cruelty. The flag has travelled all the way to Nigeria to serve as a symbol of courage and love for the motherland.”

Of course, Ambassador Kholostenko was talking about the Russia-Ukraine war which is almost in its third year now. He blamed Russia for the aggression and for deploying hunger as a component of its war strategy.

“By unleashing an unprovoked and brutal war against Ukraine, Russia is using hunger as a way to put pressure on the world. The courage of the Ukrainian defenders allows Ukraine to fulfill its role as a guarantor of global food security and produce grain. This grain is delivered to the countries of Africa and Asia, which have felt the consequences of Russia’s aggression the most.”

It is a testament to how much the world has fractured since the United Nations, UN, came into existence on October 24, 1945 that bloody conflicts such as the war the Ukrainian envoy was bemoaning still remain a global spectacle. On that historic day 79 years ago, four years of painstaking planning morphed into an international organisation designed to promote global peace, justice and better living for all humanity.

The negotiations were particularly conscientious in the U.S. where President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, FDR, convinced Americans that an international organisation was the best means to prevent future wars and the U.S. Senate approved the UN Charter by a vote of 89 to 2. On June 26, 1945, 50 countries signed the Charter in San Francisco. Poland signed on October 15, 1945, becoming one of the original 51 member states.

The overarching goal of the new organisation, which rose from the ashes of the League of Nations, was to reduce international tension, promote human rights, lower the chance of other large-scale conflicts, promote peace, justice, and better living for all mankind.

Frustratingly, almost eight decades thence, and 193 member states to boot, the world is teetering on the brink of another large-scale conflict with the debilitating invasion of Ukraine by Russia and Israel’s genocidal onslaught on Palestinians.

Fortuitously, just as all eyes were on President Roosevelt eight decades ago, all eyes are on U.S. President-elect, Donald Trump, for a solution. The fact that many acknowledge that Trump is no Roosevelt has not dampened expectations.

On the hustings, Trump blamed the two wars on the foreign policy failures of the Biden administration, with a promise to end them in 24 hours if re-elected. Now that his dream has come true, the global community is waiting on him.

Meanwhile, Trump, in his usual bombast, is ratcheting up the rhetoric. “I think we have to solve the Ukraine problem with Russia,” he told the French magazine, Paris Match, this week. “Both countries are losing numbers that nobody can believe. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers are being killed,” Trump said, responding to a question about his top priority on the international stage. “And the Middle East is of course a big priority. But I think that the Middle East is a less difficult situation than Ukraine with Russia. But those are the two situations that we have to solve and we have to solve them quickly. A lot of people are dying.”

On Saturday, Trump met with French President Emmanuel Macron and Ukrainian leader Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Paris, during the reopening of Notre Dame Cathedral, his first international trip since his dramatic political comeback. After the highly anticipated meeting, he wetted global appetite for peace when he wrote on his Truth Social platform that “there should be an immediate ceasefire and negotiations should begin.”

It is in the interest of both countries that the bloody conflict is ended. As Trump rightly noted, both Ukraine and Russia are paying a dire price. Only 18 months into the conflict, officials of the Biden administration aver that both countries had lost a staggering number of troops estimated at over 500,000, including the injured. Ironically, the troop toll was heavier on the Russian side in a war Putin said would end in a matter of days.

But more Ukrainian civilians have died since the war is waged mostly on Ukrainian soil, with fighting and air strikes inflicting over 30,000 civilian casualties, while 3.7 million people are internally displaced, and 6.5 million have fled Ukraine and 14.6 million others need humanitarian assistance.

There is no doubting the fact that Ukrainians desire peace and are willing to collaborate with Trump and, indeed, the international community to realise that goal, yet, one question concentrates their minds right now. What will be the terms of the ceasefire that Trump is touting? Will it guarantee enduring peace? This is important because without justice and equity, peace becomes an illusion.

Ukrainians deserve a peaceful homeland, immune to Russia’s wilful aggression, a point poignantly made by President Zelenskyy last Sunday in a post on the Telegram messaging app: “When we talk about an effective peace with Russia, we must talk first of all about effective peace guarantees. Ukrainians want peace more than anyone else. Russia brought war to our land.”

That is the crux of the matter. The Ukrainian envoy to Nigeria is on the same page with President Zelenskyy.

“Ukraine’s position on peace remains firm. Ukraine desires peace more than anyone does. Ukraine did not start this war and never wanted it. If Russia stops fighting – there will be peace. If Ukraine stops fighting – Ukraine will cease to exist.

“Thus, the peace must be lasting and just. Ukraine is ready to seek diplomatic solutions, but only on the condition of full adherence to the United Nations Charter. Additionally, Ukraine requests effective and reliable security guarantees from international partners to prevent future aggression,” he said in a statement forwarded to me on Wednesday.

To underscore their quest for peace by building trust with the incoming U.S. administration, Zelenskyy’s top aide, Andriy Yermak, met with key members of the Trump team on a two-day trip recently. Will such deft diplomatic maneuvering thaw the diplomatic ice and prod Trump in the direction of a ceasefire that will guarantee lasting peace?

Trump insists that he is pushing the Russian leader Vladimir Putin to reach an immediate ceasefire with Ukraine. “Zelenskyy and Ukraine would like to make a deal and stop the madness,” he wrote on social media. And that is true. The question is: Would Putin and Russia also want to make a deal and stop the madness? Trump says he knows Vladimir well and that this is his time to act. “China can help. The World is waiting!”

Indeed, the world is waiting and as Zelenskyy cautioned, Ukraine needs a “just and robust peace that Russians will not destroy within a few years.”

Reducing military aid to Ukraine and pulling the U.S. out of NATO as Trump has threatened will indubitably hamstrung Kyiv’s fighting capacity. That cannot guarantee peace. Kremlin’s incessant reference a decree by Zelenskyy from October 2022 that declared the prospect of any talks “impossible” as long as Putin was Russia’s leader is also a smokescreen to camouflage Putin’s aversion for talks with Ukraine. That decree came after Putin proclaimed four occupied regions of Ukraine to be part of Russia, in what Kyiv and the West said was a clear violation of Ukrainian sovereignty.

Truth remains that Russia is the aggressor. And any deal that does not guarantee lasting and just peace for Ukrainians will be a repudiation of the 79-year-old UN Charter.

When Aleppo, Syria’s second largest city fell on Friday, November 29, 2024 , I thought it was a big blow, but that the Syrian Armed Forces would quickly recover and fight to retake it. However, in the following days, as the Syrian military melted away in the face of advancing Islamic terrorist rebels of al-Qaeda, Islamic State, ISIS and al-Nustra, now called the Hayat Tahir al-Sham, HTS, I was worried.

The Syrian government announced that its troop withdrawals were tactical and strategic moves. But it reminded me how the Taliban in Afghanistan raced through towns and cities within a few days before arriving at the gates of Kabul on August 15, 2021. They then entered the city without a fight.

My fears were confirmed on Sunday morning December 8 when a friend called to inform me that the rebels had entered Damascus. We discussed for about an hour as I tried to convince him that the fall of President Bashir al-Assad’s government is a tragedy of monumental proportions as it was the glue that held the country together. So, it will be a miracle if the country does not disintegrate.

First, it was the liberal Assad government, despite its frailties  that had kept the vicious Islamic terrorists from power. So Syria would now be run under a backward regime that would make it a virtual crime for Syrians to be Alawite Muslims, minority Christians, marginal nationalities or liberal-minded.

The HTS leader, Ahmed al-Sharaa alias Abu Mohammed al-julani, had at various times been the right hand man of ISIS leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi,  headed al-Qaeda in Syria and founded the terrorist al-Nusra Front which later changed its name to Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, JFS.

Only myopic Western leaders think robing Syrian Islamic terrorists in cassock would turn them into born-again liberals or democrats. 

Secondly, it was the Assad administration that kept expansionist Israel from rolling down the Golan Heights it seized in 1967, to occupy more Syrian territory. Now, within three days of Assad’s fall, Israel has rolled out its thanks, seizing more Syrian lands, claiming it wants to build a buffer between the Golan Heights it is occupying and the new regime in Damascus.

Thirdly, the fall of Assad would give Turkey which already occupies 8,835 square kilometres of Syria, the opportunity to further expand, using its surrogate Syrian National Army.

Fourthly, Assad’s absence may make the Syrian Democratic Forces, SDF, and its Kurdish Peoples’ Protection Units, YPG, fighting alongside Christian minorities, breakaway and establish a state of their own. Although currently, the SDF and the new regime in Damascus are not at loggerheads, the likely advance of the Turkish military and militia may force them into a war of survival.

The fall of Assad also presents an uncertainty for the US and its troops in Northern Syria who are holding over 40,000 ISIS combatants and their allies in various prisons. These prisoners and the jihadists now controlling Damascus, belonged to the same group and share the same jihadist ideology.

Yet another major factor in the unfolding tragedy is that the defeated Syrian armed forces, except for those who may defect to the new forces, have not been decimated. They are virtually intact. Some of their heavy arms have already been delivered to their allies in Iraq.

Also, the Alawites, a liberal Muslim movement which produced Hafez al-Assad, the father, and Bashar al-Assad the son as rulers of the country in the last half century, may build their own regional militia force that may be backed by Iran, Iraq and Russia.

Apart from the Americans and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, NATO, with military interests in Syria, there are the Gulf States, including Jordan, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia which had funded the establishment of ISIS primarily as a force to destabilise Syria and overthrow the Assad government. After ISIS became a Frankenstein monster and a beast to be put down, these regional powers continued to maintain links with its off shoots like the HTS that now holds power in Damascus.

Syria under Assad had its problems like all other countries, but the crises that led to its civil war was a contrived one. It was one of the countries the West and US pencilled down for regime change under various guises. The others included Iraq under Sadam Hussien, Afghanistan with Mullah Muhammad Omar as leader, Libya under Mouammar Ghadafi, Sudan with President Omar al-Bashir and, Iran. All those leaders are gone, remaining the leadership in Iran.

I have tried to understand the world and why we have ended up almost in a cul-de-sac. The overthrow of Assad gave me an added perspective. A world led by Western elites and their US first cousins, cannot but be a confused one because their philosophy is not about development, but acquisition and control.

This is not about their attempts to conquer the rest of humanity, slavery, colonialism and leading humanity into two World Wars, with a drive towards a nuclear-powered Third World War. It is more about being partially blinded by a myopia that sees weaponising religion thrice over, and expecting a different outcome.

The unfolding tragedy in Syria has its origins in the December 24, 1977 to February 15, 1989 conflict in Afghanistan. It was part of the Cold War battles. Pro-Soviet Union governments ran Afghanistan, and the US and its allies concluded that the best way to remove them and impose a Pro-capitalist government, was by mobilising Muslim youths across the world to carry out a jihad against the Afghan government which they labelled atheists. These youths became known as Mujahedeen and they succeeded in taking out the pro-Soviet regime, but could not agree on a new government.

When the Mujahedeen fighters returned to their various countries, their mainly conservative governments were afraid as they were battle-tested fighters who were outside the regular armies. When they moved against the returnees, the youths fled. Many re-assembled under a new internationalist organisation called al-Qaeda. It was led by US favourite, Osama Bin Laden. The al-Qaeda which was given refuge in Afghanistan, was later accused of masterminding the 911 attacks in US. For this, the US and its allies, invaded Afghanistan for two decades. When it was decided to invade Syria, the US and its Gulf allies, created ISIS and al-Nustra Front from al-Qaeda. ISIS like a mad dog turned against its owners and created a short-lived Islamic Caliphate spanning Iraq and parts of Syria.

So, having failed to learn from those experiences, the West, US and their allies are hailing the HTS Islamist jihadists.

The world is likely to wake up tomorrow to the reality that ousting Assad for the Islamic fundamentalists, was a grave error.