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Crypto scams likely hit a new record in 2024, driven by ‘pig butchering’ and AI, says Chainalysis
- A report by Chainalysis released Thursday estimated that cryptocurrency scams amounted to $9.9 billion in 2024, with that figure likely to be revised higher.
- Revenue from “pig butchering,” a type of romance and investment scam, grew nearly 40% year over year.
- Scammers are using generative AI technology to facilitate crypto scams, which often entails scammers using the tech to impersonate others or generate realistic content.
Crypto fraud revenue is estimated to have hit record levels last year amid a surge in so-called romance scams as cybercriminals leverage artificial intelligence and become more organized, blockchain research firm Chainalysis warns.
In a report released Thursday, the firm said that crypto wallets linked to scams received $9.9 billion in cryptocurrency in 2024, according to its initial estimates. It predicts 2024′s figure to grow to a record of $12.4 billion as Chainalysis identifies more scam wallets.
Chainalysis added that its yearly estimates of scam activity have risen by an average of 24% between annual reporting periods since 2020.
According to its 2024 report, a leading reason for the uptick in scam revenue was an increase in the prevalence of romance scams, commonly known as “pig butchering.”
Pig butchering is a type of investing or romance scam in which a fraudster builds relationships with victims via social media or dating apps, intending to con them out of money through a sham investment opportunity.
The name “pig butchering” comes from the idea that scammers must first “fatten up” the victims with flattery and fabricated bonds before “butchering,” or stealing their money.
More victims sent to slaughter
In 2024, pig butchering revenue grew nearly 40% year over year, with the number of deposits to pig butchering scams growing nearly 210% over the same period, according to Chainalysis.
The firm said that those differing growth rates indicated an expansion of the victim pool, prioritizing more victims in exchange for smaller payments.
While pig butchering scams predominantly originate from large scam compounds in Southeast Asia, there are signs that such scam centers have begun to become more geographically dispersed, the report stated.
Last December, Nigeria’s anti-graft agency announced the arrest of 792 people in a raid on a building, where the suspects were believed to be running romance scams that targeted people mostly from Europe and the Americas, according to Reuters.
Romance scams often rely on human trafficking victims to carry out fraud. An investigation by ProPublica in 2022 outlined how Chinese criminal syndicates were trafficking victims to centers in Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar, forcing them to perform cyberfraud under threat of violence.
While those scam compounds are often known for running pig butchering scams, they also act as havens for other types of frauds that can be carried out via the internet, according to Eric Heintz, a global analyst at International Justice Mission, who is cited in the Chainalysis report.
“It’s not uncommon to have multiple criminal groups operating within the same compound focusing on different scams,” he added.
Scam ecosystem ‘professionalizes’
The dynamic of multiple criminal groups operating within a compound has also materialized online through the creation of illicit crypto marketplaces and networks, according to Chainalysis.
Primarily, this trend has been driven by Huione Guarantee, an online forum and peer-to-peer marketplace Chainalysis says operates as a “one-stop-shop” for illicit actors looking to buy and sell scam technology, infrastructure and resources.
The Chinese-language platform is connected to Huione Group, a Cambodian conglomerate that offers legitimate services such as overseas remittances, insurance and, in the past, even luxury tourism offerings.
According to Chainalysis, Huione Guarantee’s activity on blockchains indicates that it’s heavily used to support the pig butchering industry and for illicit crypto-based trading of scam technology products and services.
One of the main services hosted on the platform is money laundering, which scammers use to conceal their illicit activity, according to Chainalysis data.
Meanwhile, some of the illicit products found on the site include targeted data lists, web hosting services, social media accounts and AI software. In 2024, Huione scam technology vendors received at least $375.9 million in cryptocurrency.
Since 2021, Huione Guarantee and vendors advertising through its platforms have processed $70 billion in crypto transactions.
“In short, Huione Guarantee has driven and enabled a scam ecosystem that is massive, growing, and interconnected,” the firm said in its report.
Huione Guarantee did not respond to a CNBC inquiry.
In a disclaimer on its website, the platform says it does not participate in or understand its customers’ specific businesses and is only responsible for guaranteeing payments between buyers and sellers, according to a CNBC translation of the Chinese-language statement.
Artificial intelligence facilitates scams
In 2024, some of the most successful vendors on the Huione platform were AI service providers, who saw revenue grow by 1,900% year over year, as per Chainalysis data.
This growth indicates an explosion in the use of generative AI technology to facilitate crypto scams, which often entails scammers using the tech to impersonate others or generate realistic content that fool victims into making phony investments.
Chainalysis’s report said there are dozens of software vendors hosted on Huione Guarantee that sell this type of scam AI software.
According to Elad Fouks, head of fraud products at Chainalysis and co-founder of fraud-detection app Alterya, who is quoted in the report, generative AI can be used to amplify and scale up crypto fraud and crimes.
“GenAI enables the generation of realistic fake content, including websites and listings, to power investment scams, purchase scams, and more, making these attacks more convincing and harder to detect,” Fouks said.
Some Huione vendors are even advertising “face-changing services” for $200 worth of cryptocurrency.
Since OpenAI’s ChatGPT launched in 2022 and saw its popularity grow, there have been a growing number of cases of large firms losing millions to deepfake scams. Such scams use generative AI to create synthetic and fake identities and voices that allow fraudsters to impersonate real people and bypass identity verification controls
Chainalysis says that the potential of AI technology to scale crypto scams exponentially further adds to the challenges associated with combating those crimes.
Tackling crypto scams at scale will require sustained efforts from government agencies, regulators and organizations, the firm said.
[CNBC]
[OPINION] AI in crypto compliance: Looking for a balanced approach - Yulia Murat
AI has already become one of the most talked-about topics in crypto, with top industry-specific and financial events, as well as leading analytics companies discussing its impact and potential in compliance, fraud detection, and operational efficiency. As regulators increase scrutiny and illicit actors grow more sophisticated and fast, digital assets businesses are considering integrating AI.
Can AI really help streamline compliance, detect hidden threats, and secure businesses? The reality is more nuanced than simply “plug and play.” AI can’t replace human oversight or responsibility, but it’s a tool that, when implemented thoughtfully, can help maintain the best industry standards. Let’s explore its possibilities.
Finding hidden risks that traditional methods miss
Traditional methods are good at catching known patterns, but they are not as effective at picking up on new or unexpected tactics. AI stands out here, analyzing large volumes of data and flagging anomalies that might fly under the radar of simpler models.
The main advantage of using it in transaction monitoring and detecting illicit activity is in identifying ‘unknown unknowns,’ which traditional scenario-based methods are unable to detect. Additionally, advanced AI tools can adapt to new criminal techniques, letting compliance teams remain proactive rather than reactive.
Meanwhile, verifying data quality and addressing bias are significant for reliable outcomes. AI-based systems still produce false positives, but usually their numbers are lower compared to scenario-based systems. The case study published by Deloitte and United Overseas Bank showed a 5% increase in true positives and a 40% decrease in false positives in transaction monitoring, as well as a 40% rise in operational efficiency.
Saving time, costs, and workforce
The practical benefits of AI are beyond catching hidden threats. As the complexity of regulatory demands rises, many companies face rising costs in both time and workforce. AI-based solutions can help by automating tasks that would otherwise be manual and require more time, for example:
- Prioritizing alerts and flagging high-risk cases.
- Large language models can handle initial writing or policy reviews, freeing compliance officers to focus on critical analysis.
AI allows teams to concentrate on strategic decisions by relieving them of repetitive chores. Smaller crypto firms, in particular, can benefit from this. Free from bulky legacy systems, they can be faster and more flexible in adopting cutting-edge tools to remain competitive against larger players.
Still, staff training is key to helping teams interpret automated findings correctly and make data-based decisions.
Enhancing efficiency, but not regulatory collaboration
Although AI can significantly boost day-to-day efficiency, it is less likely to transform how crypto companies and regulators collaborate. Compliance officers still need to talk directly with regulatory bodies to address policy gray areas, manage ethical dilemmas, and ensure trust.
AI’s job is to streamline internal workflows, not to replace human judgment in those high-level discussions. Ultimately, regulators want clear, accountable communication, something only people can provide.
Using AI for competitive advantage and reputation
Players in traditional finance are already focusing on AI for compliance, and crypto companies that overlook this approach risk falling behind. While merely adopting AI won’t affect a crypto firm’s reputation directly, failing to use it where it’s clearly beneficial can backfire. If a preventable fraud incident or compliance breach occurs, the reputational damage could be severe. So, we can see implementing AI as a competitive advantage.
Moreover, responsibly implemented AI can enhance marketing efforts. Firms are already highlighting their AI-driven tools as evidence of risk management and user protection. When done transparently and ethically, these measures can strengthen consumer confidence and a company’s standing in the industry.
Keeping humans in the driver’s seat
Even as AI can take on a share of compliance tasks, responsibility can’t be delegated to algorithms. Decisions with legal or ethical consequences require a distinctly human touch. AI can flag a suspicious transaction, but the final call on how to handle that alert—whether to freeze an account or close it, for example—should remain with a qualified professional. Retaining control also protects companies from overreliance on technology that, while impressive, can never truly match human intuition and responsibility.
AI is on track to become an important part of crypto compliance. By combining its data-processing capabilities with human insight and ethical judgment, companies can spot threats more effectively, lower costs, and save time. The key is to find the right balance between automation and accountability.
The crypto industry should be encouraged to explore what AI has to offer while recognizing that technology alone doesn’t build trust. Real trust calls for a true commitment to compliance, transparent communication with regulators, and a focus on customer protection. By treating AI as a helpful tool, not a replacement for human judgment, the industry can move toward a safer future.
Bybit CEO accuses Pi Network of being a scam, cites Chinese police report
Pi Network has been accused of being a scam by Bybit CEO Ben Zhou, bringing up a police notice from 2023 that calls it a ‘scam that preys on the elderly.’
In a recent post, Bybit co-founder and CEO Ben Zhou responded to a claim made by an unofficial Pi PI-39.31%Pi Network technical team account that claims the crypto exchange was “rejected by Pi” to list on its exchange. The Pi Network is a project that enables users to mine cryptocurrency through a mobile app.
“Bybit had made no listing request to PI and the claim that PI refused Bybit listing or Bybit did not pass some sort of KYB of PI is completely nonsense,” said Zhou in his post.
Zhou retaliated by bringing up a Chinese police report that was published in 2023, warning citizens about a virtual currency scam that targets the elderly through a “get rich overnight” scheme perpetrated by actors claiming to be affiliated with the Pi Network.
“Many criminals use “π Coin” to claim that they can mine for free by simply downloading an app on their mobile phones. They also give lectures to the elderly, expand the victim group by claiming that they can “recommend rebates” by developing downlines, resell user personal information, and defraud the elderly of their pensions,” wrote the Wuxi Public Security Bureau in a translated notice.

The report state that scammers would use free rewards and gifts to lure in victims who wish to gain small profits by downloading the app and promising them a small amount of Pi tokens as gift.
“They expand the victim group by rewarding people for recruiting more people, resell users’ personal information, and defraud victims of their money,” added the police bureau.
Zhou used the article as the basis for his claims, reaffirming his crypto exchange would not be listing Pi Network in the foreseeable future, unlike other major exchanges like OKX and Bitget. Even Binance has started to test the waters by holding a community vote on whether the exchange should list the Pi Network.
In an interview with crypto.news, Pi Network co-founders Dr Nicolas Kokkalis and Chengdiao Fan elaborated on Pi Network’s model and mining mechanism shortly after the launch of the project’s mainnet.
They explained that their goal is to ensure Pi remains stable by providing a fair and wide token distribution whilst facilitating real-world uses. To ensure safety on the network, they implement actions like security circles, utility-based Pi apps, running nodes and other precautions.
Additionally, Pi users, known as Pioneers, are required to undergo an identity verification process before they are able to obtain Pi .
Pi Network warns users of potential scams and bad actors
In an X post shared a few days ahead of its mainnet launch, the Pi Network warned users of the emergence of “potential bad actors and activities, scams, and individuals impersonating others” that claim to be affiliated with the project.
“Neither Pi Network, nor anyone affiliated with Pi Network, has any affiliation whatsoever with any parties organizing or engaging in such illegal or harmful activities to our users or the community,” wrote the Pi Network in its post.
The account explained that any activities that require users to pay a fee as well as actors that make “misleading promises of monetary rewards or future profits, or MLM [Multi-Level Marketing]” are not authorized by Pi Network. The protocol also urges its followers to check their official site for information on how to protect their Pi accounts and wallets.
At the time of writing, the Pi token has plummeted more than 50% in the past 24 hours. PI is currently trading hands at $0.65. The token has maintained a trading volume of $1.2 billion in the past day.
[Crypto News]
Bybit opens liquidation data for traders and analysts via API
Crypto exchange Bybit said Friday that all liquidation data can now be accessible via its enhanced API.
Bybit has made its liquidation data publicly available through an upgraded API, weeks after CEO Ben Zhou questioned CoinGlass’ Bitcoin liquidation estimates. In a Feb. 21 press release, Bybit said the update gives traders, analysts, and institutions real-time access to detailed market activity, providing updates every 500 milliseconds.
“This ensures that every liquidation event is captured and disclosed without delay, setting a new standard for openness and reliability in the digital asset market.”
Zhou called the move a “proactive approach in response to the crypto community’s demand for openness,” saying it gives traders and analysts access to “complete and real-time market data.”
Bybit says this update fixes gaps in reported liquidation data that were previously limited by API restrictions. CoinGlass has already integrated Bybit’s liquidation data into its system.
But Zhou suggested on X that CoinGlass’ numbers may have been underreported due to API limits set by Bybit. He also hinted that other platforms might have similar restrictions but did not name them.
[Coin News]
Apple’s Vision Pro has a problem a year into its existence: Not enough apps
- The number of new Vision Pro apps have declined in every month since the device went on sale, according to consultancy AppFigures.
- Many of the new apps and ideas for the Vision Pro are coming from independent developers, hacking on the weekends while holding down day jobs.
- Apple in August said the Vision Pro had 2,500 apps. By AppFigures’ count, fewer than 1,900 remain active.
When Apple revealed the Vision Pro in 2023, it called the $3,500 headset its next “major platform.” Two years later, and a year after going on sale, the device is thin on apps.
Apple doesn’t regularly release stats on the number of Vision Pro apps that are available, and it’s hard to tell how many new apps come out in any given month. According to consultancy AppFigures, which tracks Apple’s platforms, the number of new Vision Pro apps has declined every month since the device hit the market in February 2024.
When Apple unveiled the Vision Pro, executives said that developers would be able to create new experiences that weren’t possible with traditional computers. But so far, top developers remain mostly focused elsewhere, and major tech companies like Google, Meta and Netflix have yet to release their most important apps for the headset.
Many of the new apps and ideas for the Vision Pro are coming from independent developers, hacking on the weekends while holding down day jobs.
One person in the indie camp is Adam Roszyk, a programmer in Poland who has created 17 Vision Pro apps since the headset was first released.
For $4, Roszyk’s Night Vision app lets a Vision Pro user tap the depth-sensing cameras of the device to see objects in the dark. If you spend $5, you can perform a chore in a Luigi’s Mansion-like video game using the app Vacuume, which overlays virtual coins on your floor that you can vacuum up, along with any real dirt or dust. And for $6, Roszyk’s app Scan Export lets users create a 3D digital scan of an entire building just by walking around, a useful tool for those in construction or real estate.
“We are still early, and we don’t really know how it can be really useful in your life,” Roszyk said. “There’s so many different ideas that just come to your mind.”
Roszyk continues to work on Vision Pro apps because he said he believes “spatial computing” — Apple’s preferred terminology for headset and glasses technology that can integrate 3D objects with the world around them — will be the next big platform. Roszyk is betting that developing apps now can put him in prime position when more people are walking around with a Vision Pro or, perhaps some day, lightweight glasses.
“This type of computing is the future,” Roszyk said. “I would definitely compare it to the first iPhones.”
Roszyk’s efforts have made him money, but not enough for Vision Pro development to become his full-time job. His 17 apps have cleared about $4,000 on the App Store in the last three months. That number is growing as he releases more apps and more people find out about them, Roszyk said.
Apple updated its most recent Vision Pro app count in August, with CEO Tim Cook telling investors on an earnings call that the platform had 2,500 apps. That number covers fully immersive apps that overlay virtual objects over the real world as well as 2D apps with some spatial components.
By AppFigures’ count, less than 1,900 of these apps remained active at the end of January.
Apple declined to comment.
Rival Meta in 2023 said that it had 500 apps in its Quest store, and the company last year said that number had multiplied by 10.
The Quest 3S, which has many of the same features as the Vision Pro, starts at $300. Meta also sold millions of its predecessors in recent years. While Meta hasn’t revealed how many users it has, its Meta Quest app was downloaded about 6 million times in 2024, according to AppFigures data, a useful proxy because users need to download the app in order to set up the headset.
There are also about 1.5 million Vision Pro apps that are ported versions of iPhone and iPad apps. Apple automatically ports iPhone and iPad apps to the Vision Pro when they’re uploaded, but companies can decline. Those apps can be used inside the headset but appear as 2D flat screens. Meta started to emulate that strategy last year with 2D Android apps for Quest, but the company doesn’t have the same library of millions of existing mobile apps.
Apple doesn’t publish Vision Pro sales, but one estimate from IDC suggests fewer than 1 million devices have been sold.
Some services like Netflix and YouTube, and game streaming services like Nvidia GeForce Now can be accessed through the Apple Vision Pro’s browser. And existing apps often receive updates that introduce a spatial mode, such as the NBA scores app, which recently got an experimental feature that allows users to watch a live basketball game as if the players were miniature figurines on a table.
Apple Arcade, a monthly game subscription from Apple, does require that its titles support the Vision Pro in addition to iPhones and iPads. Apple Arcade developers are paid by Apple and their apps are free to subscribers.
Although many of those games are 2D, some are exclusive to the Vision Pro. In January, Apple released Gears & Goo, a Vision Pro app that enables the player to control an army of goofy frog-like characters on a table in the real world.
Meanwhile, Meta is actively courting VR developers with a promise that they can make money. Meta in January said that its payment volume for Quest headsets rose by 12% last year, although it didn’t cite a total number. Meta has also said it has 200 apps that have made more than $1 million through software sales.
No iPhone-like app gold rush

The Vision Pro app gold rush has seen slower uptake than the iPhone’s app boom.
A year after the iPhone App Store was launched in 2008, Apple was crowing about the platform having 50 million customers, 2 billion downloads and 85,000 apps. Apple regularly told investors and developers how much money it had paid from App Store sales — it hasn’t released any similar stat for the Vision Pro.
Many in the VR industry hoped Apple’s entry would kick off a boom like the iPhone did for mobile apps, creating fortunes as millions of users sought to fill their new devices with fresh software.
“My assumption back then was whatever Apple releases might be in that final form, so it’s a good idea to be ready as early as possible,” said Nikhil Jacob, who runs Vision Uni, which publishes content about developing apps for the Vision Pro. “But my assumption there ended up being wrong.”
Jacob said he believes that an app developer ecosystem for the Vision Pro will take a lot longer to build out than it did for the iPhone because key pieces are missing. Jacob hopes Apple improves the Vision Pro app store to help users find new apps.
The slow uptake, due largely to the high price tag, has led some to worry that VR and its related technologies are once again entering a lull.
“Winter has come,” said Jarrett Webb, who develops headset apps for Argo Design, a software consultancy. “Even Apple couldn’t produce a winner.”
Still, some optimism remains among Vision Pro developers.
They say that Apple’s hardware is solid, the company’s developer tools are improving, and that the Vision Pro lays the groundwork for future software and hardware updates. It also helps that Vision Pro owners still seem to be excited to try out new apps.
Apple’s entry into the headset market, combined with Google’s recent announcement of its own Android XR platform, as well as Meta’s billions of dollars of investment signals that there will be a market for VR content, said John Gearty, who worked on the Vision Pro at Apple and is the founder of PulseJet Studios, a VR production house focusing on music. Gearty is hoping for steady growth from the market, but he has tempered his expectations.
“I don’t think it’s ever going to be hockey stick growth,” he said.
Apple has not said if it will update the Vision Pro. According to analysts, the company is working on a successor. Developers want it to be lighter and less expensive. They welcome any improvements that would get it on more faces.
“Over time, everything gets better, and it too will have its course of getting better and better,” Cook told The Wall Street Journal in October. “I think it’s just arguably a success today from an ecosystem-being-built-out point of view.”
[CNBC]
Treehouse CEO Explains How Fixed Income Could Be Key to Widespread DeFi Adoption
Treehouse CEO Brandon Goh recently discussed the potential of fixed income in decentralized finance (DeFi), calling it a key factor for the sector's institutional adoption. In an interview on the podcast Hashing It Out, Goh explained that although DeFi has seen growth with products like decentralized exchanges and lending platforms, it lacks the core component of traditional finance: fixed income. Goh emphasized that fixed income, which includes assets like bonds and savings accounts, forms the backbone of traditional finance, but its absence in the DeFi ecosystem presents a barrier to wider institutional involvement.
One of the main challenges with introducing fixed income to DeFi is the lack of standardized benchmark rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), which is commonly used in traditional finance. Goh pointed out that without these foundational benchmark rates, scaling fixed-income products in a decentralized environment becomes difficult. He believes this gap is one reason fixed income is nearly non-existent in the current DeFi landscape.
Treehouse, the platform Goh co-founded, aims to address this issue by combining traditional fixed-income products with the flexibility of DeFi. Through its platform, Treehouse offers a way for users to earn predictable returns, making it easier for investors to manage risks in yield-generating products. This approach is designed to provide both stability and transparency, key factors that could attract institutional investors to the DeFi space.
Additionally, Goh stressed the importance of creating an on-chain benchmark, such as a decentralized offered rate (DOR), to improve market efficiency and transparency. He explained that Treehouse’s model uses these tools to provide a secure and reliable investment environment, helping bridge the gap between traditional finance and the emerging DeFi market.
The conversation also turned to how large financial institutions might engage with DeFi in the future. Goh suggested that while these institutions may be cautious about participating in high-risk DeFi products, they may be more likely to adopt stable and transparent options like staking. He predicts that as regulatory clarity improves and the infrastructure around DeFi becomes more robust, fixed income could play a significant role in the next phase of DeFi’s growth.
Treehouse’s work in introducing fixed income to DeFi represents a crucial step in the sector’s maturation. With its combination of traditional financial models and decentralized technology, Treehouse could provide the stability needed to attract institutional players. As DeFi continues to evolve, Goh’s vision for fixed-income products may help create the foundation for a more stable and widely accepted decentralized financial ecosystem.
[Yahoo.com]
Crypto Market Faces Weak Demand, Needs Trump Initiatives to Kick In, JPMorgan Says
The cryptocurrency market is lacking positive catalysts in the near term, Wall Street bank JPMorgan (JPM) said in a report Wednesday.
The correction in crypto markets in recent months has seen both bitcoin (BTC) and ether (ETH) futures near backwardation, which is a sign of lower demand, the report said. Backwardation occurs when the spot price of an asset is higher than the price trading in the futures market.
"This is a negative development and indicative of demand weakness by those institutional investors that use regulated CME futures contracts to gain exposure into these two cryptocurrencies," analysts led Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou wrote.
If demand for bitcoin and ether futures is healthy, the futures cost more than the spot price, and the curve is said to be in contango, the bank noted.
When demand slows and price expectations soften, the futures curve moves towards backwardation, the bank added.
This weakness in demand could be due to a number of reasons.
Positive crypto initiatives by Trump's new administration are more likely to kick in during the second half of the year, the bank said, and this means institutional investors are likely taking profits due to a lack of short-term catalysts.
Lower demand from systematic and momentum-driven funds, such as CTAs, has also affected bitcoin and ether futures, JPMorgan added.
[markets businessinsider]
[OPINION] How Black and White Can Together Escape The Shackles of Racism - Agwu Ukiwe Okali
Black History Month, being observed this February in the United States and many other countries around the world, including Nigeria, affords one the appropriate opportunity to share some thoughts on the rather consequential subject of systemic racism – racism of the kind that is not ad hoc, but seems built into the system itself. The irony of it, though, is that the persistence of racism in many of the concerned countries and situations is not necessarily for want of, but in spite of, efforts to eradicate it! In fact, one of the more baffling, and undoubtedly frustrating, realities confronting people and organizations working in this area has been the seemingly “die hard” nature of the problem, its resilience and persistence despite quite considerable effort over the years to eradicate it. It may actually be recalled in this context that jolted, and no doubt equally revolted, by the Nazi race theories and atrocities of the Second World War, the post-war world reacted, particularly in the West, by deploying considerable effort and resources into the fight to combat racism and racial discrimination, spearheading, for example, adoption by the United Nations of the landmark Universal Declaration Of Human Rights(1948) expressly condemning racism and prohibiting the adoption by Member States of racially discriminatory laws.
Yet, if we take the example of the United States, the truth, as recognized by President Biden himself upon his election in 2020, is that, despite the undeniable progress that has been made, especially in the wake of the great Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 70s, there remains an underlying systemic racism in society that refuses to go away and so continues to manifest itself in various ways on the ground: the George Floyd and George Floyd-type incidents, the near legitimization and “mainstreaming” of “white supremacy” ideologies and movements, showcased in the January 6th Capitol insurrection. In Europe, the mounting anti-racism campaigns by football authorities, particularly the FA in England, and the numerous racist avowals and incidents connected with ongoing anti-immigration protests speak to the same fact.
So, what is going on here and why? “Why have all the efforts over many decades failed to defeat or excise this social evil?” My book OF BLACK SERVITUDE WITHOUT SLAVERY, The Unspoken Politics Of The English Language, in proffering a totally new approach to dealing with the systemic racism problem, addresses this particular question by pointing out that the difficulty so far lies in the nature of the problem and the efforts directed at it. I argue, inter alia, that racism, as people encounter it, is an outward expression of the perpetrator’s racial bias mindset, which no amount of clamping down on discriminatory acts, whether in jobs, schools, housing or social interactions, such as has been the case hitherto, can effectively address: only actions targeting the mindset can be relevant.
In order to effectively combat a negative mindset, one must first identify its origin and sustenance – its well-spring, as it were – and then tackle the problem at its roots. The book identifies language as a major repository, as well as purveyor, of racial bias, which then goes on, whether intended or not, to create a racial bias mindset in its users. Using the English language, the world’s dominant and virtually only global language, to illustrate this thesis, I demonstrate that embedded in it is a systemic denigration of “blackness” and corresponding glorification of “whiteness”, which is exemplified by expressions such as blacklist, black sheep, painting someone black, for example, and white list, white knight, white lie, and more. There is, in effect, a “blackness of bad/whiteness of good, badness of black/goodness of white” narrative that runs through the language – and necessarily all thinking in that language – in which “black” basically denotes “bad” and “white”, in turn, denotes “good”. Such a narrative, imbibed over a period (often from birth), and reinforced by everyday usage, must undoubtedly create in users of the language a mindset that is conditioned, subconsciously at least, to shun “black” things while instinctively embracing things designated as “white”.
In such a scenario a black person becomes routinely subsumed – subconsciously or otherwise – into the general category of “black”, and, therefore, “bad”, things, which, in turn, triggers the preprogrammed negative reaction in the other person, regardless of conscious intentions, leaving it to that person’s conscious mind, if aware and so inclined, to make the correction by separating the black person from the general category of “bad” “black” things. It actually may well be that the psychological inability to make this separation accounts for much existing racist disposition.
The white person, too, being also an integral part of the same conditioning system, and indeed its main beneficiary, would likewise get subsumed, subconsciously or otherwise, but this time into the category of “good” things, which, in turn, implicitly “entitles” him or her to favorable or “sympathetic” treatment – so much so that it may indeed form the psychological underpinning to the long-observed phenomenon of decidedly unequal treatment of black and white persons in law enforcement, not just by the police and prison authorities, but often even by judges.
Considering the processes outlined above, one can well perceive racism of the kind under discussion as a kind of social system into which people are indoctrinated by fate (i.e. birth) or by circumstance! As such, the people involved may actually be seen as being themselves entrapped by the system!
Coming now to solutions, it becomes apparent from the foregoing analysis that the key to resolving the systemic racism problem is the elimination of the “blackness of bad/whiteness of good” narrative and its related mindset. Effective action in that regard would be to delink the race-designating terms of “black” and “white” from all qualitative assessment functions in the language and, so, from figurative expressions such as those noted above. Substituting other terms not associated with racial designations for these two terms would render these terms value-neutral and, so, mindset irrelevant, while also ending their unintended racial bias reinforcement effect as part of everyday conversations. A random example of such substitution, strictly as illustration, could be something like dronche, for “black” and freen, for “white”, giving us expressions like “dronche sheep” and “dronche list”, in the case of “black”, and, in the case of “white”, “freen knight”, and “freen magic”, and so on. Of course, whatever new substitute terms are chosen will at first appear strange, unfamiliar and maybe even nonsensical, having by necessity no intrinsic meaning; however, with time and the requisite will these should all become normalized and, more importantly, imbued with the meanings we have chosen for them, just like other invented new terms in the language: “Ms.”, “phishing”, “meme” and others, being examples.
The idea here is that upon successful implementation of such substitution, it would not be long before the older generation, no longer functioning in the “bad is black, good is white” milieu and mindset, would have this connection erased from its consciousness, while for the new-born generation no such linkage would have even existed in their consciousness, thereby leading us, in principle, to a complete and permanent solution of the systemic racism problem!
Conclusion and Notable Points
While no one can say for certain that successful implementation of the solution envisaged here would in and of itself solve all of society’s racism problem, its singular importance lies, nevertheless, in the fact that no fundamental or enduring resolution of the problem seems possible without addressing the underlying mindset issue that the solution targets!
The great merit of the solution proposed here, as argued above, is that it aims to be a real and permanent solution of the problem, rather than a palliative to douse the current crisis, as often happens. Furthermore, this is a solution that will be welcomed by all involved: no longer does the black person have to endure the psychological humiliation and stigma of sharing “labels” with everything bad, ugly and evil, while the white person will be relieved of the awkwardness of being compelled, for want of alternatives, to use terminology which they can sense is demeaning to the other person. Adding to the merits of this solution is the fact that: it costs next-to-nothing to implement, unlike other “social justice” undertakings!
It is important to note once again that the focus in this analysis on the English language is merely strategic: as the dominant international communications medium, it can do – and no doubt has already done – serious damage, spreading the narrative and mindset globally; it can, on the other hand, likewise positively transmit any correction through a large swathe of the global population. Moreover, any reform of English would exert enormous pressure for change on the other languages. This well-known French adage, for example, speaks volumes and requires no commentary: “La diable n’est pas aussi noir qu’ on le dit!”, translating essentially as “The devil is not as black as he is made out to be!” #BADISNOTBLACK&VICEVERSA
•Dr. Okali, a former United Nations Assistant Secretary-General, is Founder-Chairman, Society for the Elimination of Racism In All Language (SERIAL)
[OPINION] Trapped in Chaos: A Psychologist Reflects on the Lagos Assembly Crisis and the Deadly Risk Faced by DSS Officers - John Egbeazien Oshodi
The events at the Lagos State House of Assembly on February 17, 2025, were more than just another political crisis; they were a moment of dangerous miscalculation that put both the reputation of the Department of State Services (DSS) and the lives of its field operatives at unnecessary risk. As a psychologist and writer, I am not here to take sides but to raise an important concern—one that should trouble even the most hardened defenders of the DSS. The viral video footage does not lie. It captured DSS operatives in the kind of physically vulnerable, life-threatening situation that an elite force should never find itself in. These were not inexperienced recruits; they were trained officers of a national security agency who suddenly found themselves struggling for breath, pinned between determined lawmakers and legislative workers pushing forward against them. Their faces—half-covered by helmets, masks soaked in sweat—showed visible distress. Their bodies were strained under the pressure of the confrontation. And as the tide of lawmakers pressed forward, those officers were seconds away from being completely overpowered.
And so, I ask, what if one of them had not made it out?
What if a DSS officer had collapsed from exhaustion, suffocated in the heat of the struggle?
What if a law enforcement operative had suffered serious injury from the physical force of the crowd?
What if the lawmakers, in the heat of frustration, had retaliated more aggressively?
What if an officer, under extreme stress, had reacted with force that escalated into violence?
This is not speculation. This is exactly what was set into motion on that day. This was not a strategic operation; this was a dangerous misjudgment, one that could have turned fatal within seconds. And that should concern the DSS more than anything else. Because while politicians play their games, it is always the men on the ground—the uniformed officers—who bear the real consequences.
The official statement from the Lagos Assembly, signed by Ogundipe Olukayode, Chairman of the House Committee on Information, Strategy, and Security, confirmed what Nigerians already knew:
Yes, the DSS was invited to provide security—but not to invade the chamber.
Yes, the Clerk requested their presence—but not to seal the Speaker’s office.
Yes, there were security concerns—but on that day, the DSS itself became the biggest threat.
How did an elite security force—an agency feared for its intelligence, operational precision, and enforcement power—allow itself to be turned into the story? The DSS is supposed to neutralize threats before they escalate, yet this time, it became the crisis. Instead of being the force that ensured peace, DSS operatives were physically caught in a power struggle, outnumbered, overwhelmed, and left struggling against the force of a determined Assembly. This is not how an elite force should operate.
There are bigger questions DSS leadership must now answer. Who made the call to position these officers in such a confrontational stance? Who in DSS believed that physically blocking lawmakers from their own chamber would not lead to open resistance? Who in command failed to anticipate that emotions would flare, that the situation would escalate, and that the officers placed at the doors could be trapped in a physical struggle that endangered their own safety?
If the DSS’s true mission was security enforcement, how did it end up in direct physical conflict with lawmakers and Assembly workers? If DSS officers were meant to prevent instability, why were they the ones visibly struggling, unable to maintain control, and ultimately being forced out?
Because the truth is, this was not a strategic operation. This was a tactical failure.
And what was achieved? Despite deploying DSS operatives, sealing the Speaker’s office, blocking the chamber doors, and physically engaging with lawmakers—nothing was stopped.
The Speaker, Mojisola Meranda, still presided.
The lawmakers still convened.
The Assembly still held its session.
Democracy still went on.
And DSS? What did they gain?
If the goal was to stop the session, it failed.
If the goal was to scare the lawmakers, it failed.
If the goal was to prove dominance, it failed.
Instead, DSS officers were physically overpowered, outnumbered, and exhausted, forced to retreat from a battle they should never have been sent into. What was the real objective here? And at what cost
DSS is not a riot squad. DSS is not a political enforcement agency. DSS is not a tool for individual interests. It is an elite security force, designed to protect national stability, not to be thrown into politically motivated conflicts that leave its own officers gasping for air at the doors of an Assembly building.
This incident should serve as a serious warning. It was not just a failure of tactics—it was a failure of leadership within DSS. It was a reckless deployment of operatives, without a clear strategy to ensure their success or safety. The officers involved were placed in harm’s way, while those who issued the orders watched from a distance.
This time, the officers walked away.
But next time?
Next time, the outcome may not be so fortunate.
Next time, someone may not survive the encounter.
Next time, no politician, no government official, and no DSS commander will take responsibility.
And that is why DSS must rethink its approach now. Not because of political pressure. Not because of public scrutiny. But because the lives of its own officers are at stake. No security force should be put in a position where it becomes the crisis instead of the solution. No law enforcement agent should be forced into a battle they were never meant to fight.
DSS must ask itself: Is this what we have become? Are we an agency that strategically ensures security, or one that blindly walks into chaos without a plan?
The time to rethink tactics is now. Because next time, the cost may be irreversible.