Some Nigerians in the social media are beginning to question whether the system in the United States, US, under Donald Trump is democracy. But I think they should start by asking themselves if what we practise in Nigeria is democracy. 

Section 14(2) of our Constitution declares unequivocally thus: “Sovereignty belongs to the people of Nigeria from whom government through this Constitution derives all its powers and authority.” Since neither Americans nor Nigerians exercise sovereignty, then neither country, properly speaking, practises democracy.

This is because democracy is basically the decentralisation of power in ways that ensure the empowerment of the people in the affairs of the state and society; the humanisation of the political arena; and the development of society. To put this in a more contemporary usage, democracy is a system of government by popular representation, based on the vote of the electorate in which the will of the people prevails.

First, we may need to agree that democracy is not value-free. In fact, it comes in various shades and forms. In other words, there is not a single road to democracy. So, concepts such as ‘Western Democracy’ and ‘Liberal Democracy’ are, at best, contentious. Rather, there are various types of democracy, be it British Westminister, Chinese Peoples’ Democracy or American Presidential.

Today, US democracy has delivered what is perhaps its most unique verdict and most powerful President since its July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence. Donald Trump, operating outside the majority Republican Party, seized the party with his Make America Great Again, MAGA, group which is now the dominant faction.

He won both the popular and Electoral College votes. The party he dominates controls both the Senate and House of Representatives. Additionally, his party has a 6-3 majority in the Supreme Court. So, perhaps for the first time in US history, one man has control of the Executive, Parliament and Supreme Court majority. But for the fact that this is happening in the US, it would have been called a dictatorship. Conscious of his powers, Trump is trying to run the United States with Executive Orders, and the world with sanctions and threats.

So, democracy is not a given. There is no commodity called democracy which can be bought off the shelves. It is a product of each society. One of the reasons why democracy seems to falter in Africa is that we have tried to copy other peoples’ political systems and, uncritically, adapted them to our situation. Part of the fallout has been political instability, so serious that all West African countries, except Senegal, have witnessed destabilising military coups.

So, Africa must develop its own democracy, based on its history, values, culture, tradition and diversities. The basis of such democracy must be equity for, and equality of, all. This means that we must not allow the rule of any dominant or powerful ethno-nationality, religion or region. Minorities must have a sense of belonging and clear roles in running the state.

We must allow ideas to blossom and groups to breathe. For instance, communities should have the right to form political parties of their choice, based on their needs and aspirations, as it was in the First Republic.

So, the political system should be liberalised, democratised and humanised. Africa’s democracy should ensure that the populace is so empowered that even if the electoral system throws up an Adolf Hitler or a Donald Trump, the populace should be able to curb his excesses.

Also, democracy is not a religion. It is not a set of beliefs. Rather, it is practical governance that must solve the existential and developmental needs of the people.

One of the greatest Africans that ever lived was Amilcar Cabral, the liberation fighter who led the independence movement of Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde. He said in 1974: “Always bear in mind that the people are not fighting for ideas, for the things in anyone’s head. They are fighting to win material benefits, to live better and in peace, to see their lives go forward, to guarantee the future of their children…”

So, the people are not just living for the ideals of democracy, capitalism, liberalism, socialism, or any ‘ism’. Rather, they want food on the table, clothes on their backs, roofs over their heads, healthcare when they are sick, education for their children and security of their lives and property.

 It is if these basic needs are met that they would fight for principles, or fight to ensure they are provided their basic needs. If democracy provides these basic needs, God help anybody who tries to endanger the system that provides them.

Nobody needs talk to my generation of Nigerians about the nightmare that was the cumulative 29-year military misrule that we suffered. This is why some of us insist that democracy must deliver dividends to the people, if we expect them to defend it.

However, the issue is beyond unconstitutional; there is the equally important issue of peoples’ reaction to such unconstitutional change.

In clearing the debris of democracy in places like Nigeria and reconstructing people- centred democracies, it is important to re- orientate the military. It should not be encumbered with basic civilian duties such as involvement in running elections. Its personnel’s role should simply be to perform their civic duty of voting.It should simply adhere to its code of ethics. 

By taking the road to democracy, we are basically saving the military from itself as it has the tendency to commit suicide by constantly purging its ranks in the name of coups, counter-coups, attempted coups and phantom coups. Although the military is claimed to be the strongest institution in society, but in reality it is one of the weakest. History has shown that when the state collapses, the military is the first that goes under. Put differently, the first sign that a state has collapsed is the collapse of its military. The first indication that the Syrian state had collapsed on December 8, 2024 was that its mighty military had melted away.

In contrast, the civil service remained, and continued to run administration. In reality, the civil service that is supposed to be seen, not heard, is a far stronger institution. So any thought that the military in any country is above society is illusory. The military must be humble and dutifully serve the society which is the only body that can defend it when the chips are down.

As we build or rebuild democracy, Nigerians should realise that the democracy of the rich, by the rich for the rich, as in the US, will not be of use. Nor will the democracy of the cunning by the cunning for the smart, as in Europe, be useful. Our democracy, more so as we head towards 2027, will not be useful if based on ethnocentric, religious, regional or calculations by the greedy. Only a people- centred democracy where no one will be oppressed will serve our needs.