Former President Donald Trump on Tuesday pledged to challenge a long-standing interpretation of the U.S. Constitution in an attempt to end birthright citizenship for children of unauthorized immigrants if he defeats President Biden in the 2024 election.

If he secures a second presidential term, Trump said he would issue an executive order during his first day back at the White House in January 2025 instructing the federal government to deny citizenship to children with parents who are not American citizens or legal permanent residents.

Under a decades-long interpretation of the Constitution, children born on U.S. soil are automatically bestowed American citizenship, even if their parents are not themselves citizens or legally present in the country. Some immigration hardliners have long criticized the policy, saying it encourages parents to come to the U.S. illegally. While he was in the White House, Trump repeatedly floated the idea of challenging the interpretation, but never took action.

In his announcement Tuesday, Trump portrayed the move as part of a broader crackdown on unauthorized immigrants and asylum-seekers that he has promised if he returns to the White House. He has also vowed to launch the largest immigration roundup and deportation operation in U.S. history.

“My policy will choke off a major incentive for continued illegal immigration, deter more migrants from coming and encourage many of the aliens Joe Biden has unlawfully let into our country to go back to their home countries. They must go back,” Trump said in a video message on Tuesday.

If Trump wins the 2024 presidential election and follows through on his promise, the move to end birthright citizenship for children of immigrants living in the U.S. without legal permission is all but certain to face significant legal challenges.

Is birthright citizenship in the Constitution?

The 14th Amendment of the Constitution, adopted following the Civil War, declares that all “persons born or naturalized in the United States” are “citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.”

“Any executive action that a president might try to end birthright citizenship would be challenged in court and would be likely struck down as unconstitutional,” said Stephen Yale-Loehr, an immigration law professor at Cornell University.

While the move would likely not pass legal muster, Yale-Loehr added, it could be a beneficial campaign tactic for Trump, especially during the Republican primary.

“I think it’s pretty clear that, for political purposes, he thinks that this kind of announcement will appeal to his base. It shows that he has anti-immigration credentials. And most of his voters don’t know or don’t care about whether such an executive order would be legal,” Yale-Loehr said.

Ron DeSantis’ immigration policies

Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, the 2024 Republican presidential candidate currently Trump’s closest challenger in the polls, has also sought to make immigration a top issue of his campaign.

A measure championed by DeSantis that was recently passed by the Florida legislature will be among the strictest state immigration laws in American history. Among other things, it will invalidate driver’s licenses other states provide to unauthorized immigrants, require hospitals to document whether patients are in the country legally, fund efforts to relocate migrants to “sanctuary jurisdictions” and impose fines for employers who don’t verify the immigration status of workers.

In addition to sharply criticizing the Biden administration’s handling of the record number of migrant crossings reported along the southern border in recent years, Trump and DeSantis have feuded over which candidate has the toughest immigration platform.

DeSantis recently accused Trump of supporting “amnesty” by endorsing a bipartisan proposal that would have traded border barrier and security funds in exchange for the legalization of some unauthorized immigrants, including those brought to the U.S. as children.

Talks between the Federal Government and organised labour over the removal of fuel subsidy ended in a deadlock on Wednesday as they failed to reach a consensus following the hike in petrol pump prices to over N700 from N195 per litre by oil marketers.

The hours-long meeting which was held at the Presidential Villa was to, among other things, prevent a labour crisis following the recent increase in the petrol pump price occasioned by the discontinuance of petroleum subsidy.

Earlier on Wednesday, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Limited said it had adjusted the pump price of Premium Motor Spirit to reflect the market realities. The agency, however, failed to state the new prices of petrol.

However, several retails outlets sold the product between 600 and N800 in Lagos, Abuja , Ogun and some other states.

The National Public Relations Officer, Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria, Chief Chinedu Ukadike, pointed out that the hike in the cost of PMS would trigger galloping inflation in the country, stressing that some outlets in the South-East were currently dispensing the product at N1,200/l.

Ukadike stated, “Once NNPCL retail stations have adjusted their pumps to reflect the new price, there is nothing you can do about it; that is the new price. As I speak with you, all of them are now selling at the new prices. The situation is so bad, that somewhere in Ebonyi State our members informed us that it is now N1,200/litre.

“We thought the President would remove the subsidy through a seamless means because the source of this petrol is the NNPCL. They are the ones subsidising petroleum products, they are the people who use their revenue to subsidise this product.’’

The IPMAN spokesperson expressed worry over the rate of increase in inflation and hardship that would come as a result of the latest hike in petrol price.

“This hike in petrol price will definitely lead to galloping inflation and will worsen the hardship already being faced by the Nigerian masses. It is not something to cheer about. It came as a surprise and in the coming days, we will see the very harsh ripple effects,” he stated.

Meanwhile, Ukadike has called on the Federal Government and the NNPCL to give other marketers the opportunity to start importing petrol in order to create competition in the sector.

“The NNPCL is importing and has not given people the opportunity to join them in importing so as to see whether private sector operators can import the product cheaper or not. So there is no competition. In a deregulated regime, there must be competition, everyone with capacity should be allowed to import,” the IPMAN official stated.

When asked whether other marketers could resume imports since the government had finally deregulated petrol prices, Ukadike replied, “Marketers can import, but let me tell you some of the factors militating against this. The first is that there won’t be availability of dollars.

“You will source your dollar from the parallel market and if you are not careful in doing this, and you go into the importation of petroleum products, you might not ‘come out of it alive’ at the end of the day.

“So what we are saying is that those advantages that NNPCL has, should be shared with other major importers of petroleum products. If it is through crude buy-back, they should let us know so that independent players such as IPMAN members can come together and be able to use it in the buy-back model.’’

He added, “For independent marketers, the most important thing is that there should be availability of petroleum products, and the government should open up the space for importers and investors to come in.”

NNPCL, the sole importer of petrol into Nigeria for several years running, confirmed the hike in petrol price in a statement and a new pricing template released to marketers nationwide.

But the move has sparked a groundswell of anger across the nation with the Nigeria Labour Congress demanding an immediate reversal of the decision.

The union also said it would hold an emergency meeting on Friday on the fuel price increase which had triggered hoarding and scarcity across the country with attendant rise in transport fares, goods and services.

The fuel price hike by the oil firm is coming 72 hours after President Bola Tinubu declared in his inaugural address on Monday that the subsidy regime had ended.

To pacify the growing anger over the situation, the FG hastily summoned some labour leaders to a meeting at the Presidential Villa, Abuja, on Wednesday evening.

The meeting had in attendance the NLC President, Joe Ajaero and his Trade Union Congress counterpart, Festus Osifo, former NLC President and immediate past governor of Edo State, Adams Oshiomhole, Permanent Secretary, State House, Tijjani Umar, Head of Service of the Federation, Dr Folashade Yemi-Esan, Group Chief Executive Officer of the NNPCL, Mele Kyari, and others, however, ended in a deadlock as the labour and government teams failed to reach a consensus.

Speaking at the end of the meeting, Joe Ajaero, said “As far as labour is concerned, we didn’t have a consensus in this meeting.”

He faulted the NNPCL over an official release published hours earlier reviewing the petrol pump price in its filling stations nationwide.

 He said the move puts the labour unions in a difficult position on the negational table.

“That’s the principle of negotiation. You don’t put the partner, ask them to negotiate under gunpoint. The prayer of the NLC is that we go back to the status quo, negotiate, think of alternatives and all the effects and how to manage the effects this action is going to have on the people. If it is an action that must take off.

“The subsidy provision has been made up to the end of June. And before then, conscious people, labour management, and the government should be able to think of what will happen at the end of June. You don’t start it before the time,” Ajaero said.

‘Negotiation ongoing’

On his part, Dele Alake, who spoke on behalf of the Federal Government said the negotiations were ongoing and the parties will reconvene on a yet-to-be-defined date. 

Earlier, NNPCL’s Chief Corporate Communications Officer, Garba-Deen Muhammad, said in a statement issued in Abuja, that the price hike was in line with market realities, stressing that the cost of petrol would continue to fluctuate with market dynamics.

This implies that the oil firm has deregulated the product, leaving its price to swing along with the dictates of the global petroleum products market.

“NNPC Limited wishes to inform our esteemed customers that we have adjusted our pump prices of PMS across our retail outlets in line with current market realities.

“As we strive to provide you with the quality service for which we are known, it is pertinent to note that prices will continue to fluctuate to reflect market dynamics. We assure you that NNPC Limited is committed to ensuring a ceaseless supply of products,” the oil company stated.

Before it issued its statement, a price list tagged, ‘Current NNPC Pump Price’ and ‘New pump price per May 31, 2023,’ indicated the latest cost of PMS in various states and the Federal Capital Territory.

Figures in the document indicated that while the cost of petrol in Borno State was put at N557/litre, the prices in Lagos, Abuja, Enugu and Ekiti were pegged at N488/l, N537/l, N520/l and N500/l, respectively.

The costs of the commodity at NNPCL stations for the other states were also contained in the document.

The President  of  the Petroleum Products Retail Outlets Owners Association of Nigeria, Billy Gillis-Harry, confirmed the document to be true which implied that the cost of petrol had been increased to over N500/litre in the states by the NNPCL.

Asked whether the document on the new pump price of petrol, purportedly issued by the NNPCL to oil marketers was true, Gillis-Harry replied, “Correct.”

NLC to meet

In response to the NNPCL’s action, the National Executive Council of the NLC has summoned an emergency meeting for Friday to discuss the situation and take a stand on behalf of Nigerian workers.

Speaking with one of our correspondents on Wednesday, the National Treasurer of the NLC, Hakeem Ambali said, “NLC had summoned an emergency meeting for Friday, June 2nd in Abuja to ratify labour position on this notwithstanding the parley with Federal Government.”

But a reliable source hinted that the NLC may issue an ultimatum to the government over the subsidy removal.

The source who spoke under anonymity said, “We will be meeting. An ultimatum will definitely be issued for the government to rescind its decision. But I will want the NLC president to confirm that to you.”

Reacting to the pump price adjustment, the Director-General of the Nigeria Employers’ Consultative Association, Mr Wale Oyerinde, observed that the situation had led to an astronomical increase in the prices of food.

Oyerinde said any increase in the pump price will lower the people’s real disposable income, adding that the economy will contract in terms of growth.

‘Increase badly managed’

The economist noted, “The increase, if not well managed, could lead to an increase in the prices of goods and services with consequential effects on the purchasing power of the already impoverished Nigerian.

‘’Already, the inflation rate in the country is high at 22.22 per cent as recorded in April 2023 and as such, any increase in the pump price of fuel will further accelerate inflation, which will distort and destabilize economic activities, shrink private sector business capital and lower the real disposable income of the people.

‘’No doubt, therefore, the economy would contract in terms of growth; business activities will face serious backlash; and aggregate consumption will fall due to inflationary pressure.”

He said there is a need for systematic and strategic removal of the subsidy to avoid impoverishing Nigerians further.

“While it is desirable to remove the fuel subsidy, which in real terms is subsidizing inefficiency and corruption, it is important that the removal is systematically and strategically done in order not to impoverish further and worsen the already bad socio-economic indicators such as employment, poverty per capita income and many more,’’ he recommended.

Oyerinde said it was worrisome that prices of various commodities have skyrocketed a few hours after the President’s pronouncement on subsidy removal.

‘’Consequently, it is critically important that the new government approaches the removal of the subsidy with caution to circumvent further degeneration in the economy,’’ he admonished.

 The NECA DG advised on the need to step up the complete rehabilitation of the refineries to complement the newly commissioned Dangote Refinery.

On his part, the Deputy-President of the Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Gabriel Idahosa said that while the new pump price would cause hardship in the short term, the benefits of discontinuing the subsidy regime would be felt in the long term.

He said, “The consequences (of the new fuel price) were predictable. It’s just that we were not willing to confront them. It’s like having a monster in you that you’re not ready to confront until you decide that it’s time to fight the monster and get rid of it. There will be pain. It was known that there would be pain if we removed the subsidy. That pain will be there for a while. It depends on how much both parties do to reduce the period of severe pain.”

An economist, Mr Tajudeen Ibrahim, said, “It will have an inflationary impact on the economy. But in the medium to long term, the benefits to the economy are enormous because they will be investing the subsidy in projects that will drive economic activities and put Nigeria on a stronger footing in terms of economic growth, these are my expectations.”

Appraising the decision of the new government on subsidy removal, the People’s Democratic Party has said it is not surprised by the development because Tinubu during his electioneering campaigns promised to sustain the legacies of former president Muhammadu Buhari.

The opposition party asked Nigerians to brace up for more pains in the months ahead, stressing that it warned citizens of what awaited them should the All Progressives Congress win the 2023 presidential polls.

National Publicity Secretary of the party, Debo Ologunagba, however, urged Nigerians not to despair but to keep hope alive.

He said, “There is nothing to say anymore that we have not said. Bola Tinubu said he was going to continue with the policies of Muhammadu Buhari, which are policies of pain, anguish, sorrow, suffering, disregard for human lives and insensitivity. It is Biblical in that a man said ‘My father chastised you with a whip, I will chastise you with scorpions. Scorpions are more deadly than a whip.’

“Buhari has done his part and Tinubu has come to continue with the same agenda which is for personal aggrandizement. What are the legacies of Buhari? Insecurity, disunity, dislocation, poor living conditions and reduced life expectancy of Nigerians.

“We are hoping that Nigerians are still praying for an end to this. This is not about PDP or APC but about Nigerians. We warned about this and now, we are all feeling the heat. The new petrol pump price does not know APC or PDP.”

Ologunagba also took a swipe at the immediate former president for his role in mobilizing Nigerians against the planned, gradual phase-out of the subsidy regime when the PDP was in power.

“In 2012 when the then government of Goodluck Jonathan mooted the idea of a gradual phase-out of petroleum subsidy and presented a roadmap of how to go about it, it was Buhari who mobilized Nigerians to ground the country. Now, those who participated in that ‘Operation Ground Nigeria’ have lost their voices and we hope they will be permanently silent,” he added.

He further described the increment in the pump price as inhuman saying, “How do you explain a price hike from N195 to N537? That is almost a 400 per cent increase. This is only the tip of the iceberg!

“We told Nigerians that there would be more taxes, more pain. What is the purpose of government if not the security and welfare of the people? If you are going to bring about a policy that will affect them, there must be an engagement.

“I give you an example: In the early 2000s, in a county in the United Kingdom, they were going to increase bus fares from 25 pence to 30 pence. They had one year to debate it with the people. People were asked, ‘What is the level of your income?’ The people were part of the conversation and that is the way to go in a decent society. Here, we are close to a state of nature, and it is unfortunate,” he lamented.

The Chief Spokesman for Obi-Datti Presidential Campaign Council, Yunusa Tanko, knocked Tinubu for failing to consult properly before making his pronouncement on subsidy withdrawal.

Tanko lamented that the president’s action had left the masses, which were unprepared for the shock, in pain.

He said, “This president has made a false start without preparing the ground. That shows he is not even prepared to take leadership because he made those statements blatantly without considering the consequences of his action.

“In fact, he said with pomp and pageantry as if it was a collective decision that was taken to save this country. But look at what it has caused. Instantaneously, it has caused disharmony and pain to the Nigerian people. Yet, he is not prepared to take care of it.

“So I don’t think he should be exonerated from the causes of this particular problem. Because obviously, the mad rush, long queues and panic buying started after he made that statement. Now, we are all suffering for it. It is a case of ‘suffering meeting another suffering’ or as some will say ‘from frying pan to fire’ raised to power two.”

On what the president can do to mitigate the situation, the LP campaign spokesman disclosed that he should focus on providing palliatives to cushion the effect immediately.

Similarly, the Coalition of United Political Parties blamed the President for the crisis which it said was caused by his utterance on the subsidy removal, stressing that the inauguration day was not the proper time to make such a statement.

CUPP in a statement on Wednesday by its National Co-spokesperson, Mark Adebayo, frowned on the artificial scarcity created by hoarders of petroleum products, describing the action as wicked and inhumane.

“Since the fuel subsidy regime still subsists till the middle of the year, the president should have been silent on it. To declare matter-of-fact in such a tactless manner that “subsidy is gone” allows unpatriotic oil marketers to cause the harrowing experiences that Nigerians are going through at the moment,’’ the group stated.

National President of the Academic Staff Union of Universities, Prof Emmanuel Osodeke, told our correspondent that the planned removal was a collective hardship on all Nigerians.

He said, “Whatever the NLC decides is what we will go by; we are an affiliate of NLC and they will meet soon. The hike we are experiencing now is a collective hardship on all Nigerians; it is having an effect on all Nigerians.”

NUT knocks FG

Also speaking, Secretary-General  of the Nigeria Union of Teachers, Dr Mike Ike-Ene, maintained that the sudden announcement, which had led to the scarcity and hike in the fuel price had made nonsense of whatever the government had done for teachers in the past, saying they would now spend more on transportation and every other thing.

“Teachers go to work five times a week or more, and many do not have a car. Even those who are mobile if they buy N50,000 fuel I don’t know how the teacher will make it up from the salary. Also, those using public transport will now spend more. This planned subsidy removal has made nonsense of whatever the government had given teachers in the past,” Ike-Ene said.

He advised that “The president should have provided a leeway by making provisions to cushion the effect on workers. The marketers are Shylocks, they still had fuel in their tanks before the pronouncement, why the sudden 500 per cent increment? The government did not mean well at all. There are variances in prices all over the country. It will affect the system, this is not the best at all.”

The President of the Nigerian Medical Association, Dr Uche Ojinmah submitted that the subsidy withdrawal is a good policy but urged the government at all levels to increase the salaries of workers to cushion its effect.

Ojinmah argued, “I personally believe that it is a good policy to remove the subsidy if for nothing, just to save Nigerians from that questionable gargantuan budgetary expenditure.

“I actually supported the removal of petrol subsidy by President Goodluck Jonathan and was sad when he did a somersault because I knew that it was just a postponement of the evil day which has come 11 years later.

“I may not agree with the bombshell pattern of this withdrawal but let’s just move on. We also believe that our governments will not wait for workers to start agitating for salary increment as part of the cushion but will do the right thing by increasing workers’ salary by about 200 per cent.’’

He added, “If you check the fuel pump price increase announced by the NNPCL, you will notice that it’s about a 200 per cent rise and the same should be applied to the salary of workers. If the government raised the salary quickly without stressing the workers and their unions, it will be better for all, but if agitations start, this country may be paralysed.’’

The NMA President added that there is a need for other measures, including food price control to give Nigerians a cushion from the harsh realities of the effects of the market-driven petrol pump price.

The Catholic Archbishop of Abuja, Most Rev. Ignatius Kaigama, disclosed that the new pump price would worsen hardship in the country.

He said, “I am out of the country but my priest told me how he had to buy fuel for N14,000 that did not even fill half of his tank and that is to tell you that the hardship will be experienced throughout the nation. I just hope that this is something temporary and that it can be addressed.

“We have a brand new President sworn in a few days ago and I hope that they will look at this properly, the merits or disadvantages of what is happening. People have been promised a lot of things during the campaigns and I hope that they will begin to enjoy all those things promised to them and not this hardship that they have already started experiencing.’’

In his reaction, a former Director of National Issues and Secretary (North West Zone) of the  Christian Association of Nigeria, Sunday Oibe noted that Nigerians would pay a price for the choice they have made.

He said, “The NLC and other organized trade unions should organize protests but not CAN. In the first place, what is it that has happened differently from the excruciating inhuman regime of Buhari?

“If Nigerians couldn’t protest then, why now? Is it only when Jonathan was in power they could organize protests? This is the absurdity of our nation. Protest or no protest, Nigerians are to pay a price for the choice they have made, rightly or wrongly.”

The Executive Director of YouthHub Africa, Rotimi Olawale, said it was important for regulators to curtail the excesses of marketers who hiked prices for their benefit.

He added that it was also important for the government to disclose plans to cushion the effects of the removal and how the saved money will be reinvested.

“Firstly, the top three presidential candidates, APC, PDP and LP all committed to removing the fuel subsidy if elected, so it seems there’s a consensus amongst the political class that the subsidy is no longer sustainable. However, the regulator can ensure that there is no cartel that benefits from the hike in prices,’’ he said.

Meanwhile, many fuel stations in Katsina State reopened their gates to customers on Wednesday following a 24-hour ultimatum issued by Governor Dikko Radda on Tuesday.

The governor gave the directive after an emergency meeting with the independent marketers at the Government House, Katsina.

He told the marketers that the government would resort to force should they fail to dispense petrol to motorists.

A drive around the state capital and the nearby towns, including Batagarawa, Abukur and Charanchi showed that virtually all the fuel stations were serving the public at N600 per litre.

[Punch]

The details of the meeting between the Federal Government and the Organised Labour over fuel subsidy removal have emerged.

Naija News earlier reported that President Bola Tinubu had invited the leadership of the Nigeria Labor Congress (NLC) and Trade Union Congress (TUC) to a meeting at the Presidential Villa in Abuja.

However, the meeting which began around 4pm on Wednesday, has ended in a deadlock and without a consensus.

Representatives of the Federal Government at the meeting included the Group CEO of the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited, Mele Kyari; Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Godwin Emefiele; former Edo State Governor Adams Oshiomhole, and former Commissioner of Information in Lagos State, Dele Alake

The Organised Labour was represented at the meeting by the NLC National President, Joe Ajaero; and the TUC President, Festus Osifo.

After meeting several hours, the NLC President demanded that the Federal Government return to status quo by reversing the price of fuel before resuming negotiations with the NLC.

It was learned that Ajaero, who criticised the removal of subsidy, stated that the status quo should return before any formal engagement with the NLC, to protect the Nigerian workforce and proffer additional solutions.

He insisted that the Federal Government did not enter into any conversation even on palliative measures for Nigerians, hence the rejection of the latest announcement.

Ajaero said the labour leaders will meet with its members possibly this week to determine the next line of action.

In a chat with reporters after the meeting, Dele Alake described the meeting as robust, adding that talks with the labour leaders would continue.

He expressed hope that the parties would reach a reasonable conclusion at its next adjourned meeting.

Dozens of Ministries, Departments and Agencies of government misused N3.8 trillion they received from the Service Wide Votes (SWV) in four years, according to a Senate report.

Service Wide Votes is the government’s contingency fund in the annual budget.

The Senate Public Accounts Committee had probed the disbursement of N5 trillion from the SWV to more than 200 government agencies between 2017 and 2021, when ex-President Muhammadu Buhari was in power.

The committee, chaired by Senator Matthew Urhoghide, invited 207 government agencies for the investigation, but only 119 agencies appeared.

The panel presented its report to the Senate during Wednesday’s plenary and its recommendations were adopted.

Urhoghide, while presenting the report, said his committee after investigation discovered that many agencies collected fund from SWV without recourse to the National Assembly committees that is mandated by law to oversight the agencies.

He said some of the MDAs did not make formal requests for the money that was sent to them by the Office of the Accountant-General of the Federation.

He said where the approval of Mr. President was sought and obtained, some MDAs used the resources for unrelated expenditure purpose.

The senator said some MDAs collected the fund for projects that were already budgeted for in the Appropriation Acts over the years.

He said, “Hundreds of Billions of Naira were claimed to have been used for the purposes of paying salary shortfalls whereas such agencies had already collected appropriation for personnel emolument and were on the IPPIS platform.

“In some instances, huge sums Of money were thrown at agencies which they didn’t apply for/or are not in the know of where the money came from and for what purpose.

“The IPPIS intervention towards meeting insufficiencies or shortfalls in Personnel Costs has been bastardized and running into huge sums of money needing legislative scrutiny.

“Most of the MDAs involved in the period under review deliberately avoided the Committee’s invitation for appearance and refused to make submissions, perhaps for lack of satisfactory explanations on the utilization of the funds released to them.”

The senate, after adopting the committee’s recommendations, urged the Executive to use supplementary budget approach to meet emergencies instead of Service Wide Vote, which it said amounts to affront/erosion of the approval powers of the National Assembly.

The committee also recommended that the Auditor-General for the Federation should be given full access by the Accountant General and other MDAs to audit Service Wide Vote expenditures annually and report to the National Assembly.

It also called for in-depth investigation into the operations of IPPIS to stern the rising cases of irregularities in the system.

Some of the affected agencies are: Office of the Accountant General of the Federation, Ministries of Interior, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Transportation, Health, Works and Housing, Information and Culture, Mines and Steal Development, Police Affairs, Defence, Youths and Sports, Petroleum and Aviation.

Others are: State House, Budget Office, Presidential Fleet, Nigerian Army, Navy, Airforce, NAFDAC, Civil Defence, Presidential Amnesty Programme, FERMA, NEMA, National Hajj Commission of Nigeria (NAHCON), Debt Management Office, INEC, North East Development Commission (NEDC), Nigerian Intelligence Agency (NIA), National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), National Agency for the Control of Aids (NACA), National Examination Council (NECO), among others.