The National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) executive secretary, Idris Bugaje, has asserted that University Degrees will lose relevance in the next 10 to 15 years.
Naija News reports that Bugaje made this submission while speaking on the claims that there are more people seeking university admission than polytechnics.

Bugaje highlighted a concerning aspect of Nigerian psychology, where there is a prevailing belief that a degree is superior to a diploma or even a higher national diploma.

According to him, the mindset is regrettable. He stressed the need to educate the public to change this perception.

The NBTE official also noted that one of the factors contributing to the low admission rates is that universities account for approximately 70 percent of total admissions, polytechnics represent only about 18 to 20 percent, and colleges of education comprise around 10 to 12 percent of admissions nationwide.

Another significant issue affecting these statistics is the existing divide in public service between degree holders and those with Higher National Diplomas (HND).

He explained that individuals with an HND are currently restricted to a maximum grade level of 14 in public service, whereas degree holders can advance to director positions. This limitation lacks a practical basis, as HND graduates often possess superior hands-on skills that enhance their performance.

“In the next 10 to 15 years, degrees will lose their relevance. Skills qualification is what will give you a job.

“There are so many reasons for that. There is some unfortunate psychology, the Nigerian mentality that a degree is higher than a diploma or even higher national diploma. It’s a very unfortunate psychology, and we need to sensitise people to reverse that.

“Another reason for the low dismal admissions is that universities take about 70 percent of the total admissions. Polytechnics account for just about 18 to 20 percent. Colleges of education take about 10 to 12 percent of the total admissions in the country. Now, the other reason for the dismal statistics is the dichotomy in the public service between degrees and HND.

“At the moment, an HND in public service cannot go beyond grade level 14. A degree holder can become a director, but an HND is limited to grade level 14 for no real practical reason, because when it comes to delivery, the HND will even do better than the degree holder because he has hands-on skills. The industry also prefers HND to a degree holder. So, for that reason, we are now proposing to the government to let us scrap the HND. In all our polytechnics, after the national diploma, let them go and do a bachelor of technology honours. But this will be a degree different from a university degree.

“In the universities, you give degrees based on character and learning. In the polytechnics, we shall give bachelor of technology degrees based on character, learning and skills. The three major components will be there. So, this is the best way to end the dichotomy, and by the time we do this, I’m very sure that we are going to grow the admissions into our polytechnics, and the dichotomy will be over. There will be a progression path for polytechnic graduates. Technical education will still end with ND — national diploma, technician qualification. But those who want to aspire higher can go for the bachelor of technology honours, and after that, they can even go for higher degrees,” Bugaje said in an interview with TheCable.

He added, “So, this is the option we are given. Ghana has implemented that. South Africa has been implementing it dually. The polytechnic where I did my sabbatical about 21 years ago in South Africa, they were offering both HND and bachelor of technology concurrently. So, it’s the choice of the candidate. Industries globally prefer the HND, but more importantly, industries today also recognise more of the skills qualification. The skills that you acquired during your training. That is why we have introduced the mandatory skills qualification in every polytechnic. Every ND, every HND must acquire skills qualification in addition to the HND. But our prayer is that the Polytechnic Act be amended to allow polytechnics to offer a bachelor of technology honours. The College of Education Act has already been amended. Now they are doing NCE and B.Ed honours. So, we want the same thing. We shall be offering ND and B.Tech honours.”

Bsc/HND Dichotomy A Sign Of Underdevelopment In Nigeria
Speaking on the Genesis of dichotomy between HND and Degree in the civil service, Bugaje believed that the reason is simply a sign of underdevelopment.

The NBTE official said, “The answer is simple. That is a sign of underdevelopment being exhibited in Nigeria. That dichotomy itself is a sign of underdevelopment. Countries that have developed don’t look at your papers. The degree will soon be obsolete and of no use. In the next 10 to 15 years, degrees will lose their relevance. Skills qualification is what will give you a job. Even if you get a job, you have to upskill from time to time, improve your skills, and get certifications on those skills. In that way, you can now move forward.

“In Nigeria, it’s very unfortunate. I don’t think it’s even colonial psychology. It’s a psychology of underdevelopment that is haunting us. If you look at the system, the civil service top echelon is dominated by degree holders. Even if you go to the polytechnics now, the lecturers and the heads of departments, 90 percent are from universities. That’s what we are trying to change. In the polytechnics, we are saying, we should allow HND holders to be employed as assistant lecturers. If we want, we can allow the degree holder also to be given assistant lecturer status.

“The polytechnic has its system. Somebody who has done a university degree and has no understanding of the polytechnic system will graduate and become an assistant lecturer, while HND holders will be given the position of a technologist. So, the new scheme of service that we propagated last year, that provision is there. HND holders will be given employment as assistant lecturers, primarily in the polytechnics because it’s their system. They have gone through it. So, they can now go to do their masters, become senior lecturers, do PhD, become chief lecturers, and eventually become rectors.

“We want HND holders to be heads of polytechnics, not university graduates. The civil service is dominated by university graduates, and they are deliberately trying to keep HND holders from progressing. There’s no justification for that dichotomy. And I hope this unwarranted dichotomy will come to an end very soon.”

On whether the National Assembly and the ministry will buy his idea on the lingering problem, Bugaje said: “For the commission, we have, but this one is in the pipeline. I have already written to the honourable minister of education on the amendment of the Polytechnic Act. We have a new minister of education who is very passionate about skills. He is trying to reposition the entire TIVET sector. Not only at the tertiary level but even at the sub-tertiary level. He is bringing NELFUND to support those who go for TIVET training, giving them stipends for certification of the skills training. So, we have an honourable minister who is very passionate about skills, and I am very sure he is going to support this change from a HND to be replaced with a bachelor of technology honours.”

Naija News understands that Bugaje was appointed as NBTE secretary in 2021.

Under his leadership, NBTE has introduced significant reforms to bridge the skills gap, enhance polytechnic education, and ensure that graduates are equipped with academic qualifications and practical expertise.

In 1994, Dr. Beko Ransome-Kuti, the Chairman of the Campaign for Democracy (CD) travelled to India to attend the meeting of the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative. At the material time, he was the only African member of the international body. At about the same time, I travelled to Canada to deliver some lectures on the human rights situation in Nigeria. During my stay in Canada, I received an award on behalf of the CD.

Upon our return to Nigeria on January 14, 1995, both of us were arrested and kept at the Nigeria Immigration Service Guest House at Ikoyi, Lagos State. A combined team of State Security Service, Nigeria Intelligence Agency and Nigeria Immigration Service personnel interrogated us. We were accused of travelling out of Nigeria illegally as we did not pass through any of the official routes. 

It was further stated that we ought to have obtained security clearance since we were aware that our names were on the "watch list" compiled by the security forces. I pointed out to the interrogators that the so called watch list was discriminatory and illegal. I referred to the case of Shugaba v Minister of Interior wherein the Court of Appeal had ruled that a Nigerian citizen has the right of egress and ingress. 

At that stage, we were asked to produce and submit our passports. We flatly turned down the request on the ground that they were likely to be confiscated to prevent us from further exercising our fundamentall right to freedom of movement guaranteed by article 12 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act. Indeed, we informed our interrogators that the passports were kept in the house of a comrade in Cotonue, Benin Republic which was our adopted route for travelling out of Nigeria. 

Our interrogators said that they had confirmed from the airports, seaports and land borders that we did not present our passports to immigration officers for stamping. We replied that that, on a daily basis, over a million Nigerian people travel in and out of Nigeria without stamping their passports in the artificial borders created by the British and French colonialists which are maintained by the neo-colonialists in power; in the member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). 

As the federal military regime was completely embarrased by the global demand for our release, the security forces granted us bail pending the conclusion of investigation. Our lawyer, Chief Gani Fawehinmi, stood surety for us and we were released to him. Even though we were detained for a week, we were not charged for the alleged offence of illegal travelling out of Nigeria. 

For the umpteenth time, the attention of the Senate and the security forces ought to be drawn to the case of the Speaker, Bauchi State House of Assembly v Honourable Rifkatu Danna (2017) 49 WRN 82. The respondent was the only woman in the House of Assembly of 31 members. She was suspended indefinitely for criticising the relocation of the Tafawa Balewa Local Government Area. As far as the House members were concerned, her speech was considered "derogatory". 

In setting aside her indefinite suspension from the House, the Bauchi Chief Judge held that her suspension beyond 14 days was illegal and uncomfortable. But the Court of Appeal declared that the House lacks the vires to subject her to any form of suspension from the House as it was a denial of the rights of the.people of her Bogoro Constutuency to be representated in the government.

 In the leading judgment of the Court of Appeal, Tur JCA held inter alia that the acts of the Appellants violated articles 8 and 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights Act which guarantee the respondent'a fundamental rights to "freedom of conscience, the right to receive and disseminate information and to express opinions within the ambit of the law....Not even the military would have behaved in this dastardly manner. This is a flagrant abuse of the constitutional powers vested in the Speaker and members of the Bauchi State House of Assembly which no right thinking member of the society ought to tolerate."

Finally, it is public knowledge that the Senate President, Senator Godswill Akpabio had accused Senator Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan of embarrassing the Government and people of the Federal Republic of Nigeria by reporting her suspension by the Senate to the Inter Parliamentary Union. 

 Contrary to the jaundiced views of the Senate leader, it is the official probe of the circumstances of her trip by security forces that will expose Nigeria to needless embarrassment and undeserved ridicule

 Therefore, the SSS and NIA may study the report of the investigation of our illegal travelling by the Sani Abacha military junta before embarking on the futile attempt to probe Senator Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan for having the temerity to externalise the "internal affair of the Senate". In fact, the probe will particularly embarrass some top officials of the Bola Tinubu administration who were once accused of travelling out of Nigeria to embarrass the defunct military junta. 

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As we commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Nigeria Union of Journalists - NUJ from 15th March 1955 to 15th March 2025, it is imperative that we pause to acknowledge and honour our fallen colleagues, tragic victims of impunity. Every act of violence against journalists – be it intimidation, harassment, or murder – constitutes a fundamental assault on the very principles of democracy and freedom of expression that we hold dear.

As the esteemed journalist and advocate for press freedom, Anna Politkovskaya, astutely observed, “Without journalism, there are no freedoms.” The courageous pursuit of truth by journalists, alongside their unwavering commitment to exposing corruption and injustice, must not be forgotten or overlooked.

The deafening silence surrounding these appalling acts emboldens those who seek to suppress dissent and obscure the truth. Therefore, we stand resolutely in solidarity with the families of those who have lost their lives in the line of duty, and we must collectively demand justice. Our commendation also extends to the fortitude of survivors, who bear the scars of impunity yet continue their vital work.

It is crucial that we advocate for enhanced protections, accountability, and a culture of safety for journalists. Unless we confront and dismantle this culture of impunity, the future of journalism in Nigeria hangs precariously in the balance. We must remember the sacrifices made and reaffirm our unwavering commitment to upholding their legacy in the fight for truth and justice.

According to the report "State of Media Freedom in Nigeria" by the Media Foundation for West Africa and the Nigeria Union of Journalists, for the period from 2016 to 2020, Nigeria recorded some of the highest levels of violence targeting journalists. These statistics serve as an indictment of the deficient record on democracy and the rule of law in Nigeria, where a lack of transparency, corruption, and the politics of exclusion frequently culminate in frustrations and violent rivalries, creating perilous environments in which journalists become easy targets for powerful forces intent on suppressing dissent.

Acts of impunity against journalists in Nigeria manifest in diverse forms, from murder to harassment and intimidation. The following outlines some of the most concerning instances of acts of impunity perpetrated against members of the press in Nigeria:

Minere Amakiri: A reporter then for the Nigerian Observer, the former Bendel State newspaper, had his head forcibly shaved with broken glass in Port Harcourt. This was done on the orders of Alfred Diette-Spiff, the Military Governor of Rivers State. His 'offence' was reporting on the 30th of July, the Governor's 31st birthday regarding the grievances of local teachers( 1973).

Chris Okolie: Chris Okolie, the founder of the defunct New Breed magazine, frequently encountered opposition from the country’s military leaders. In 1977, following the publication of an article deemed unacceptable by the authorities, he was detained. Thousands of copies of the magazine were confiscated, and a publication ban was imposed in June 1978. After a nine-year hiatus, publication resumed.

Jonathan Ishaku: He was Editor of The Nigerian Standard in Jos, and later it’s General Manager. He was dismissed, at the instance of the Federal Military Government seven days to his wedding for the newspaper’s unrelenting criticisms of the Military President- General Ibrahim Babangida’s Administration (1985).

Dele Giwa: Dele Giwa, a prominent Nigerian journalist and founding editor of Newswatch magazine, was renowned for his incisive investigative reporting, which exposed corruption and human rights abuses during General Ibrahim Babangida's military regime. He was killed by a parcel bomb detonated at his Lagos home. It is widely believed that Giwa's murder was orchestrated by the military government. Nearly four decades later, no one has been charged or convicted for this heinous act. The shocking nature of his death resonated throughout Nigeria's media and human rights communities, marking a pivotal moment in the ongoing struggle for press freedom and democracy in the country. His legacy continues to inspire journalists and activists both in Nigeria and internationally(1986).

The Liberian Tragedy: In a stark reminder of the perilous conditions faced by journalists, four Nigerian reporters were tragically killed in Liberia in 1990 while covering the civil conflict. They were Tayo Awotunsin and Krees Imodibe of The Guardian, Sunny Taylor ( of the then Channels), and George Onyemobi (affiliation unspecified). These journalists were victims of violence inflicted by Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) forces. Their untimely deaths underscore the grave risks that reporters encounter, particularly in conflict zones, and highlight the urgent need for enhanced safety measures and protections for those who courageously report on the realities of war(1990).

The News Magazine Founders: The News magazine, established in January 1993, played a critical role in Nigeria’s struggle for democracy during the military regimes of Generals Ibrahim Babangida and Sani Abacha. The publication was spearheaded by Bayo Onanuga (Editor-in-Chief), Dapo Olorunyomi, Babafemi Ojudu, Kunle Ajibade, and Seye Kehinde. These journalists risked their safety and livelihoods to reveal the abuses and injustices of the military government. Their committed reporting and resolute editorial stance incited the ire of the authorities, leading to harassment, intimidation, and detention. Despite the considerable obstacles they faced, The News magazine remained steadfast in its commitment to truth and democracy, continuing to publish impactful stories at significant personal risk. Their bravery not only motivated others to join the fight against military rule but also contributed to the eventual transition to democracy in Nigeria(1993).

Tell Magazine Editors: Further illustrating the suppression of press freedom during Nigeria's military regime, the police raided the offices of Tell magazine and arrested Editor-in-Chief Nosa Igiebor and Editors Kola Ilori, Onome Osifo-Whiskey, and Ayo Akinkuotu, holding them for 12 days .Tell magazine was recognised for its investigative reporting, which consistently exposed the military government's abuses and excesses. The detention of its senior editors represented a blatant effort to intimidate and silence the publication, aiming to stifle press freedom in Nigeria(1993).

The Nigerian Standard 7: Emma Gogwim Kayi (twice editor), Gideon Mitu, Cyril Ogah, Harris Dawurang, Wilson Yale, Usman Abu, and Danjuma Abah resigned in protest after writing a front-page commentary entitled "This Is Our Stand" against the annulment of the 12th of June 1993 election. The commentary called upon the government to safeguard the democratic process from forces seeking to destabilise the nation. The seven were later reinstated after a year(1993).

Bunmi Aborisade: Bunmi Aborisade is a well-known Nigerian journalist, author, and activist who played a key role in the struggle surrounding the annulled 12 June 1993 presidential election. As editor of June 12 Magazine, he championed the validation of the election results. His courageous journalism led to his arrest and detention during this period. Following his release, he fled Nigeria and sought refuge in Ghana. However, the Rawlings regime expelled him, forcing him to relocate to the United States. While in exile, Aborisade continued to advocate for democracy and human rights in Nigeria, leading Nigerian Journalists in Exile and the US-based Nigeria Democratic Liberty Forum. Tragically, his mother, Emily Omope Aborisade, was attacked with acid in Ado-Ekiti in 2002 and died from her injuries in 2003. Aborisade has received numerous awards for his journalism, including the 2000 awards for Profile Writing and International News Reporting from the New York Association of Black Journalists. He has also authored several books, including "The Citizen Reporters" and "Everybody Say Ye’ Ye": An organic novel on Fela’s Communication with humour(1993).

Founding Editors of Newswatch Magazine: Ray Ekpu, Dan Agbese, and Yakubu Mohammed were arrested in connection with an article based on an interview with a retired senior military officer. The article described General Abacha’s coup as a “putsch against democracy”. They were charged with “sedition and criminal intent to cause fear and alarm to the public and disturb the public peace”. General Abacha later ordered that the charges be dropped, advising journalists to exercise “discretion and self-restraint” in future(1994).

Bagauda Kaltho: Bagauda Kaltho was imprisoned and tortured under the Abacha regime. He is believed to have been killed in detention for publishing critical reports about the government. His experience exemplifies the courage of Nigerian journalists who faced considerable dangers in their pursuit of truth during a repressive regime. Kaltho's story serves as a stark reminder of the necessity of safeguarding press freedom and advocating for human rights, both in Nigeria and beyond( 1995).

The Treason Decree: Kunle Ajibade - The News, Chris Anyanwu- Classique Magazine, George M'bah- TSM, and Ben Charles-Obi- TSM. The Treason and Treasonable Offences Decree No. 29 of 1993, enacted during Nigeria's military era, broadened the definition of treason, targeting any actions or views deemed disruptive to the nation's fabric. This decree was used to convict the four Nigerian journalists for reporting on an alleged coup plot. They were accused of being "accessories after the fact to treason" and sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment, although they were subsequently released by General Abdulsalam Abubakar following the death of General Sani Abacha. The decree, part of a broader strategy by the military government to silence dissent and stifle opposition, faced widespread condemnation from human rights organisations and press freedom advocates, who viewed it as a blatant attempt to muzzle the media and suppress criticism of the government. The case of these four journalists highlights the inherent risks media professionals faced in Nigeria during this oppressive era and underscores the vital need for press freedom and the rule of law to protect citizens' rights(1995).

Osa Director: Osa Director, the Kano Correspondent for Dateline, a sister publication of Tell magazine, was arrested after publishing a story entitled “Buhari, Abacha at war over oil money”. Director was held in solitary confinement in Kano. He was charged in Kano after 34 days in detention, appearing before the magistrate in leg irons and handcuffs. He was charged with inciting discontent by publishing “false reports” contrary to sections 416 and 418 of Nigeria’s Penal Code. He was denied bail until October 1995. When bail was granted, he was ordered to report to the State Investigation and Intelligence Bureau’s office monthly and prohibited from publishing any material that could embarrass the government(1995).

Godwin Agbroko: Godwin Agbroko, Chairman of ThisDay newspaper’s editorial board, and former editor for Newswatch and ThisWeek magazines, was arrested and briefly detained twice in 1995 for his editorial work. In December 1996, he was apprehended by State Security Service members and detained for five months. He was released shortly after receiving the PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award in 1997. He was fatally shot in his car in Lagos by unknown assailants (2006).

Ladi Olorunyomi: Ladi Olorunyomi, a staff member of The News and the wife of Dapo Olorunyomi, was arrested at her home by armed military intelligence agents. She was questioned about the whereabouts of her exiled husband and her boss, Bayo Onanuga(1997).

Tunde Oladepo: Tunde Oladepo, the Ogun State bureau chief for The Guardian, was assassinated in his home by masked gunmen. The targeted nature of the attack, carried out in front of his family, strongly suggests that his murder was related to his extensive coverage of political affairs in Ogun State(1998).

Fidelis Ikwuebe: Fidelis Ikwuebe, a freelance journalist contributing to The Guardian, was abducted and murdered while reporting on the clashes between the Aguleri and Umuleri communities in Anambra State(1999).

Ben Adaji: He was the Taraba Correspondent of The News/TEMPO magazine, who was apprehended following a manhunt for a story detailing a factional conflict in Taraba State. He was also arrested again and detained for his critical reporting (1997& 2003).

Cyril Mbah: Security Service (SSS) agents escorted Cyril Mbah, a correspondent for "The Monitor" newspaper based at Aso Rock, Nigeria's seat of government, from the presidential villa. No explanation was provided by the SSS for this action. However, it is believed to be linked to Mbah's column of 14 September, entitled "OBJ Compels Ministers to Pray", which was perceived to be critical of the president (2003).

Tunde Akinleye: The case of Tunde Akinleye provides a stark illustration of the dangers faced by journalists in Nigeria. Akinleye, a photojournalist with the Daily Independent, was brutally assaulted by 12 mobile police officers from Vice-President Atiku Abubakar's security detail in Abuja. The attack rendered Akinleye unconscious, highlighting the risks journalists encounter when reporting on sensitive issues or powerful individuals (2003).

Funmi Komolafe and Rotimi Ajayi: Funmi Komolafe, a labour editor, and Rotimi Ajayi, a reporter, both from The Vanguard newspaper, were assaulted by police officers during a protest rally in Abuja (2003).

Ogun Six: Six journalists tragically lost their lives along the Abuja-Lokoja Highway while returning from official duties with the former Governor of Ogun State, Gbenga Daniel. They were: Doyin Sokoya, Wole Adebari, Deji Onajobi, Sola Bakare, Semiu Oyetunji and Adesina Durosomo (2003).

The Plateau Eight: Eight journalists perished in a catastrophic accident while travelling in a convoy with the then Governor of Plateau State, Chief Joshua Dariye, namely: Musa Nuhu (News Agency of Nigeria, NAN), Isaac Agbo (The Nation), Judith Adama (New Nigerian), Chiwo Avre (Leadership), Emmanuel Adinoyi (African Independent Television), Reuben Emeje (Federal Information), Sudan Lar (Nigeria Television Authority), and Moses Ezulike (The Daily Champion). The accident was attributed to the poor condition of the bus tyres, which was owned by the Plateau State Government. Those who survived with various degrees of injury are Audu Ojogbane- Daily Independent, Agada Okopi - AIT, Seriki Adinoyi - ThisDay, Asile Abel - Reality Newspaper, Andrew Agbese - Daily Trust , Aminu Manu - Voice of Nigeria , Monday Goteng - NAN and Solomon Gujor of the State Information. This tragic incident highlights the risks and sacrifices made by journalists in Nigeria (2007).

Adamu Abubakar Gwarzo: A journalist with Radio France Internationale (RFI), he was detained by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). Gwarzo's arrest and subsequent detention stemmed from a report he authored, which was critical of the EFCC and its then-chair, Farida Waziri . The EFCC levelled accusations of libel and cybercrime against Gwarzo; however, the detention was widely perceived as an attempt to suppress journalistic criticism(2009).

Akin Orimolade (National Life): Abducted and detained for eight days on the orders of the Bayelsa State Governor over a news article, which the Governor felt uncomfortable with (2009.)Gbenga Aruleba (African Independent Television) and Rotimi Durojaiye (Independent newspaper). The two journalists, were held by the State Security Service and faced up to two years' imprisonment if convicted. They were detained over a report concerning a presidential aircraft (2009).

Bayo Ohu: He was an assistant news editor with The Guardian, who was brutally murdered at his Lagos home. He was shot by assailants who gained entry by knocking on his door. While a laptop and cell phone were taken, the prevailing belief among his colleagues and family was that he was targeted for his investigative reporting, particularly his work on alleged fraud within the Nigerian Customs Service. This sensitive investigation likely placed him in the crosshairs of powerful individuals. The subsequent police investigation and trial were heavily criticised for their perceived shortcomings. In May 2012, three suspects were acquitted due to insufficient evidence, leaving Ohu's murder unsolved and further eroding public trust in the justice system. The case highlighted the dangers faced by journalists investigating corruption and the persistent issue of impunity(2009).

Lagos Journalists Abducted: Four journalists from the Lagos State Council of the Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ) were abducted by armed men in Abia State. They were: Wahab Oba, Chairman , Adolphus Okonkwo, Zonal Secretary, Sylvester Okereke, Secretary , Sola Oyeyipo,Lagos-based journalist and Azeez Abdul Rauf, the driver. They were seized on their return journey from a union conference in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. The conference had focused on matters pertaining to the state of the union, with particular emphasis on the safety and security of journalists. They were held captive for five days(2010). Nathan S. Dabak, deputy editor, and Sunday Gyang Bwede, a reporter for the Church of Christ in Nations(COCIN) monthly newspaper, The Light Bearer were brutally murdered in Jos, Plateau State. They were on assignment, attempting to interview a national Parliamentarian regarding the escalating violence between Muslim and Christian communities. While traveling by motorcycle, they were attacked and fatally stabbed by a militia group. Jos had become a battleground for sectarian conflict, and the journalists' deaths underscored the extreme risks faced by those reporting from the region. The violence in Plateau state created a hostile environment for journalism, making it extremely dangerous to report the facts (2010).

Lemmy Ugbegbe (The Guardian): Handcuffed and threatened by a Magistrate, Zainab Bashir in Abuja , who had insulted and ordered journalists out of her court, after which she singled out Ughegbe for arrest for allegedly not moving out immediately. She consequently ordered her police orderly to handcuff Lemmy Ughegbe and ruled that he be committed to prison. It took the intervention of some lawyers to make her have a change of heart (2010).

Muhammad Abdulkadir (NTA Abuja): Endured numerous near-fatal encounters as a defence correspondent embedded with troops in counter-terrorism operations in the North East (2010-2016).

Lawal Ogienagbo, Dapo Olufade, Yusuf Alli, Yomi Odunuga (The Nation): These Journalists were arrested and detained over a cover story concerning a letter from former President Obasanjo to the then President, Goodluck Jonathan( 2011). Zakariya Isa, a reporter and cameraman for NTA Maiduguri was killed in Maiduguri, Borno State. Boko Haram claimed responsibility for his murder, alleging that he was "spying" for Nigerian security forces. Isa's death occurred during the height of the Boko Haram insurgency, a period of extreme violence and instability in northeastern Nigeria. The group's statement served as a chilling reminder of the dangers faced by journalists reporting on the conflict, where they were often caught between warring factions. His death added to the growing list of journalists killed by the terrorist organisation(2011).

Desmond Utomwem (FreshNEWS/CABSOJA): He was assaulted by the police and Staff of GTB Abuja. He then sought redress in Court in Abuja and was awarded the largest legal settlement in a Nigerian journalist case (N100 million) for that incident, with the court ruling police violated his human rights. Again the Police CID in Area 10 Garki, Abuja, arrested and detained Desmond , at the instance of a then serving Customs officer, Inspector Umaru Faru. Desmond was working on a story which allegedly was critical of the said officer. He was released following the intervention of the then Police AIG Usman Shehu who received a complaint from the NUJ. The Union demanded for a thorough investigation by the customs of the alleged corruption by Umaru Faru, but to no effect( 2009&2017).

Enenche Akogwu: Enenche Akogwu, a journalist with Channels Television, was tragically killed during a terrorist attack amidst a Boko Haram offensive in Kano. This account underscores the ongoing sacrifice of journalists committed to uncovering the truth, even when confronting formidable challenges(2012).

Lagos/Ibadan Disaster: Three officials from the Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ) were killed in a tragic road traffic accident. The incident, which also resulted in ten injuries, took place on the Ilesha-Ibadan Expressway. A blow-out on the rear tyre of the bus transporting the journalists to Ibadan and Lagos caused the vehicle to veer off the road and overturn multiple times before coming to a halt in the bushes. This heartbreaking incident shocked the nation as the journalists were returning from a meeting at the Union's National Secretariat in Abuja, where discussions had centred on journalists' welfare. The deceased were: Adolphous Okonkwo of VON and the National Financial Secretary of the Union, Olatunde Ojenike of FRCN and Chairman of FRCN Ibadan Network Centre Chapel and Kafayat Odunsi of the NTA Channel 7 Lagos. Nine other journalists and the bus driver survived the crash, with various degrees of injuries. They included : Abdulkareem Fatimah, National Treasurer of the NUJ, Deji Elumoye, Chairman of Lagos State Council and staff of ThisDay newspaper, Gbenga Opadotun, Chairman of Oyo State Council and staff of the Nigerian Tribune, Silva Okereke, Secretary of Lagos State Council and staff of the Champion newspaper, Bimbo Oyetunde, Chairperson of FRCN Lagos Network Centre Chapel, Momoh Adamson of Voice of Nigeria Lagos, Banji Oluwalana of NTA, Victoria Island Lagos, Uzogbu Christopher of Voice of Nigeria Lagos and Bolaji Akeem of NTA, Channel 7 Lagos(2013).

Ebere Wabara: An Associate Editor with The Sun newspaper, he was arrested by the police from Abia State who stormed his house in Lagos and abducted him to Umuahia, Abia State. He was held, then released on bail after the Inspector General of Police intervened. Wabara was ordered to report back to Abia police. He was arrested based on a petition against him, claimed the police. Colleagues believed he was arrested and detained at the instance of Abia State Governor who was not comfortable with Ebere’s writings (2014).

Ubale Musa: He was the Correspondent of Deutche Welle Radio attached to the State House Abuja whose accreditation was withdrawn. Ubale was expelled from the State House for asking the visiting Chadian President,Idris Derby a question on the relationship between the Multinational Joint Task Force fighting Boko Haram and South African mercenaries fighting with the Force(2015).

Yomi Olomofe: The Executive Director and Chairman of the Editorial Board of Badagry Times, was brutally beaten and left for dead by customs-assisted smugglers for daring to investigate a story. This grievous incident occurred within the premises of the Nigeria Customs at Seme Border Command(2015).

Chizoba Ogbeche (Blueprint): Manhandled and detained for her report at the Police Force Headquarters and Garki Police Station Abuja (2016).

Friday Ogungemi (Policy and Law Magazine): Arrested and detained by the State Security Service at the instance of the Kogi State Governor over an editorial(2016).

Charles Otu: The Publisher of Peoples CONSCIENCE Newspaper in Abakaliki, was violently attacked by thugs allegedly sponsored by certain agents of the Ebonyi State Government. He was later rescued from Kpirikpiri Police Station in Abakaliki by sympathisers, where he had been abandoned by his attackers and falsely accused of mischief. Otu had thereafter received multiple threats from thugs and government agents( 2017).

Luka Binniyat: He faced arrest and detention in Kaduna over a piece he wrote in the Vanguard Newspaper which did not go down well with the Kaduna State Government . He was subjected to stringent bail conditions by the court and remained incarcerated for 83 days until those conditions were relaxed by the Court (2017).

Emmanuel Ogbeche ( Editor, Abuja Inquirer): He was physically attacked and arrested following the publication of a story deemed detrimental by a lawyer (2017).

Ikechukwu Ibe (Daily Trust): He was attacked and had his camera seized by an army captain in Abuja for daring to take pictures (2017).

Jacob Onjewu (New Nigerian): Assaulted by soldiers while covering a polo tournament in Kaduna, (2017).

Lawal Mohammed (NTA Kaduna): Beaten and his camera damaged by political thugs at the NUJ Press Centre, Kaduna, during a Press Conference (2017).

Emmanuel Antswen (NAN): Arrested and detained at the behest of the Benue State Commissioner of Water Resources over a report on Internally Displaced Persons- IDPs, in Makurdi (2017).

Sunday Nwakanma (Daily Times), Chidi Asonye (Authority), Boniface Okoro (Oracle Today): Attacked by soldiers for covering military operations during Operation Python Dance in Umuahia, Abia State (2017 ).

Moses John Akwashi (Blueprint): Detained by police (2007), assaulted by security operatives (2008), and detained again for taking photos of a police raid (2017).

Midat Joseph (Leadership/kakaakireporters.com): Arrested at the instance of Kaduna State Government and detained over alleged comments on a WhatsApp group and taken to court but case dismissed due to lack of diligent prosecution (2017).

Olalekan Adetayo (The Punch): Expelled from the State House Abuja for reporting on President Buhari's health, (2017).

Dapo Olorunyomi, Evelyn Okakwu (Premium Times): They were arrested by police the following a complaint from the Chief of Army Staff, Tukur Buratai. This action came after PREMIUM TIMES refused the army's demand to retract articles concerning the Army and its operations (2017).

Adebola Brookslyn Sunday (NTA): Attacked by a religious group while covering a protest in Abuja, (2018).

Samuel Ogundipe (Premium Times): Harassed and arraigned by police in Abuja over a news article, (2019).

Jones Abiri: The Editor and Publisher of the Weekly Source newspaper, was re-arrested by armed men while meeting with six colleagues at the Bayelsa Federated Newspaper Publishers Association, Yenogoa. Abiri had previously endured two years of detention without trial by the Department of State Services (DSS), facing allegations of connections to rebels in the Niger Delta and claims of threatening oil companies(2019).

Obinna Don Norman: The Publisher of Realm News was arrested and detained in prison on the orders of a Magistrate. Don Norman was charged in Umuahia Under the 2015 Cybercrime act. He was alleged to have defamed and harassed Senator Theodore Orji (2019).

Agba Jalingo, the publisher of CrossRiverWatch, was arrested over a report alleging the diversion of N500 million belonging to Cross River State by Governor Ben Ayade. The Cross River State government had taken over the prosecution of Jalingo's case from the police. He was granted bail after spending an arduous 174 days in detention across both police custody and Calabar prison ( 2019).

Precious Owolabi: He was a reporter with Channels Television, who was killed while covering a protest by members of the Islamic Movement of Nigeria (IMN). The peaceful demonstration demanding the release of their leader, Sheik Ibrahim El-Zakzaky, turned violent, prompting the police to open fire indiscriminately. Tragically, Owolabi succumbed to bullet wounds sustained during the protest. The identity of the individual who fired the fatal shots remains uncertain ( 2019).

Pelumi Onifade: He was a 20 year old Trainee Journalist with Gboah TV, an online broadcast platform who was found dead in a morgue in Lagos, six days after being shot during a protest he was covering in Lagos. Those responsible for his death have never been identified( 2020 ).

Alex Ogbu: A reporter with Regent African Times, he was struck and killed by a stray bullet fired by police during a clash between the Islamic Movement of Nigeria (IMN), and the police in Abuja( 2020).

Jaafar Jaafar: The editor of the Daily Nigerian, Jaafar Jaafar, fled Nigeria after publishing a video allegedly showing Kano State Governor Abdullahi Ganduje accepting bribes. He relocated to the United Kingdom due to reported threats to his life (2021).

Adekola Bamgbala: Bamgbala, a street photographer, was detained for eight months following a fatal incident during a joint operation with the Lagos State Traffic Management Agency (LASTMA). Despite having no involvement, he was arrested after a traffic stop resulted in a driver’s death. The NUJ Lagos Council provided legal and financial support, securing his release (2022).

Gabriel Idibia (Daybreak Newspapers): Idibia was arrested and charged with defamation, intimidation, and inciting religious contempt over a report on the Kaduna Hajj camp. He was later granted bail.
Additionally police officers in Kaduna, arrested Gabriel Idibia, while he was photographing officers herding cattle across a road(2023 & 2024).

Godwin Tsa (The Sun): Tsa was arrested by Federal Capital Territory Administration security officers while reporting on a protest against shop demolitions in Abuja. He was detained, his phone was seized, and he was coerced into deleting protest footage. The Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ) FCT Council secured his release ( 2023 ).

Tayo Ikujunni (News Agency of Nigeria): An Assistant Editor-in-Chief, Ikujunni was physically assaulted by Ondo State Commissioner for Youths and Sports Development, Saka Yusuf Ogunleye, while covering the APC governorship primary. At Eji-Oba High School, Yusuf Ogunleye punched Ikujunni, seized and discarded his mobile phone, and ordered thugs to confiscate his tablet after Ikujunni enquired about electoral materials. Yusuf Ogunleye verbally abused Ikujunni, before security personnel intervened(2024).

Jide Oyekunle: A Photojournalist with the Daily Independent newspaper, and Kayode Jaiyeola, a Photojournalist with Punch newspaper, were arrested in Abuja by Police as they covered protests (2024).
The Enduring Legacy of Valiant Journalists:

These accounts, while not comprehensive, underscore the profound sacrifices made in the tireless pursuit of truth and justice. As we commemorate those journalists tragically lost in the course of their duties, and those who have endured various forms of impunity, we must reaffirm our unwavering commitment to safeguarding press freedom.
It is imperative that we pursue accountability for those who perpetrate violence against journalists. Only through dedicated and persistent endeavours can we truly honour the legacy of our fallen colleagues, ensuring their sacrifices serve a meaningful purpose. The Nigeria Union of Journalists must resolutely uphold its mission to defend journalists and champion the fundamental principles of a free and independent press.

Let us unite, inspired by their fortitude, as we strive towards a future where equity prevails and truth is vigorously protected. As we mark this pivotal milestone in the NUJ's history, let it serve as a rallying call for all stakeholders in Nigeria—journalists, media organisations, civil society, and the government—to pledge to safeguard journalists' rights, ensure their safety, and foster an environment conducive to free expression and responsible reporting. Through concerted action, we can pave the way for a more just and equitable Nigeria, where the pursuit of truth is recognised as a fundamental right for all citizens. This is a salute to men and women of courage.

Shu'aibu Usman Leman,
National Secretary,
Nigeria Union of Journalists,
November 2002 – April 2024

The Federal Government has launched an investigation into how suspended Senator Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan of Kogi Central gained access to the recent Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) meeting in New York without official nomination by Nigeria.

According to a report by an online newspaper, Premium Times, sources within the President Bola Tinubu administration confirmed that the Department of State Service (DSS) and the National Intelligence Agency (NIA) were conducting the probe.

The agencies aimed to determine who facilitated the suspended lawmaker’s accreditation, whether her participation was orchestrated by interest groups to “embarrass the Nigerian government”, and if she violated any IPU or National Assembly protocols.

The IPU, a global parliamentary body, strictly regulates member participation, allowing only officially nominated delegates to attend meetings and speak on behalf of their respective countries. For Nigeria, the delegation comprises selected Senators, House of Representatives members, and parliamentary officials. Attendance as an observer requires explicit approval from both the IPU and the home country’s delegation.

However, Nigerian authorities argued that Akpoti-Uduaghan did not follow the protocols before gaining access to the IPU meeting on March 11. At the event, she addressed her recent suspension from the Nigerian Senate, alleging it was politically motivated and meant to silence her for exposing misconduct in the legislative chamber. She also raised allegations of sexual harassment against Senate President Godswill Akpabio.

In response, IPU President Tulia Ackson assured that the parliamentary body would investigate the matter while also giving the Nigerian Senate an opportunity to present its side of the story.

A member of Nigeria’s official delegation to the IPU meeting, Hon. Kafilat Ogbara, countered Akpoti-Uduaghan’s claims. Speaking at the UN Secretariat a day after the embattled senator’s address, Mrs. Ogbara read a letter from Senate Leader Opeyemi Bamidele, stating that the suspension of Natasha was due to violations of Senate Standing Rules during plenary sessions, not retaliation for her allegations against Senate President Akpabio.

Bamidele also questioned the legitimacy of Akpoti-Uduaghan’s presence at the meeting.

“Outside of Nigeria, or outside of this Senate, when it comes to our inter-parliamentary engagements, every one of those organisations, from the Inter-Parliamentary Union to the Commonwealth Parliament, to the African Union Parliament, to the ECOWAS Parliament, is run on the basis of rules and regulations, drawn from the protocols establishing those organisations.

“That’s why the IPU president, after listening to our colleague, Distinguished Senator Natasha, had to go by their rule. One, that the issue she raised was outside of the agenda of the meeting. Number two, having heard her, it would also be important to listen to the other side because they are all guided by rules,” he stated.

He further emphasised that the IPU membership was based on national parliamentary organisations, not individual members, and that only designated delegates could officially attend.

“If, for any reason, one of our colleagues, who was not even supposed to be there, found her way to the place, sat on the seat meant for Nigeria, and spoke for herself rather than for Nigeria, that’s another issue altogether,” Bamidele added.

Similarly, Senator Jimoh Ibrahim, chairman of the Senate Committee on Inter-Parliamentary Activities, affirmed that Akpoti-Uduaghan had no official authorisation to represent Nigeria at the IPU meeting.

“Her attendance was not approved by the Nigerian Senate or its Inter-Parliamentary Committee,” he said in a statement on Friday.

The probe by both intelligence agencies DSS and NIA followed complaints from the Senate regarding the suspended Senator’s participation at the international event. They were focusing on whether she obtained unauthorised credentials, if external facilitators aided her attendance, and whether her statements at the IPU misrepresented Nigeria’s official position.

The investigation will also determine if any individuals or organisations helped Natasha gain access without government approval and whether any breaches of IPU regulations or Nigerian parliamentary protocols occurred.